Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and Opisthorchis viverrini coinfections: insights into immune responses and clinical outcomes.
Humans
COVID-19
/ immunology
Opisthorchiasis
/ immunology
Coinfection
/ immunology
Animals
Male
Opisthorchis
/ immunology
Female
Cross-Sectional Studies
SARS-CoV-2
/ immunology
Adult
Middle Aged
Interferon-gamma
/ blood
Antibodies, Neutralizing
/ blood
Immunoglobulin G
/ blood
Aged
Antibodies, Viral
/ blood
Antibodies, Helminth
/ blood
Opisthorchis viverrini
Clinical outcomes
Immune responses
SARS-CoV-2 infection
Severity
Journal
Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
Titre abrégé: Parasitol Res
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8703571
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 Aug 2024
09 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
25
01
2024
accepted:
01
08
2024
medline:
9
8
2024
pubmed:
9
8
2024
entrez:
9
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The effects of co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic diseases have been little investigated in terms of immune response, disease dynamics, and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the impact of co-infection with Opisthorchis viverrini and SARS-CoV-2 on the immune response concerning clinical symptoms and the severity of pulmonary abnormalities. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including healthy participants as controls, participants with opisthorchiasis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a co-infection group with both diseases. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed based on clinical parameters and severity of pulmonary abnormalities, whereas opisthorchiasis burden was evaluated by eggs-per-gram (EPG) counts. Immune responses were assessed by measuring levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, and neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2. In the co-infected group, clinical parameters and hospitalization rates were lower than in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Pulmonary abnormalities, such as bronchial fibrosis, were commonly observed in the SARS-CoV-2 group, leading to hospitalization in some cases. Participants with opisthorchiasis had higher IFN-γ levels than healthy individuals. IFN-γ levels were significantly lower in the co-infection group compared with the SARS-CoV-2 group (P = 0.002). There was a significant (P = 0.044) positive correlation between RBD-specific IgG and percent neutralization levels in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Levels of both were somewhat lower (not statistically significant) in the co-infection group. A negative correlation was observed between opisthorchiasis burden (EPG counts) and IFN-γ and RBD-specific IgG levels in the co-infected group. Following vaccination, the increase in IgG levels against the RBD protein was significantly lower in the co-infected group than in the SARS-CoV-2 group. These results suggest that O. viverrini infection suppresses immune responses and may lead to a reduction in severity in cases of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39120805
doi: 10.1007/s00436-024-08317-8
pii: 10.1007/s00436-024-08317-8
doi:
Substances chimiques
Interferon-gamma
82115-62-6
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Immunoglobulin G
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
Antibodies, Helminth
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
297Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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