The XENONnT dark matter experiment.

Journal

The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields
ISSN: 1434-6044
Titre abrégé: Eur Phys J C Part Fields
Pays: France
ID NLM: 101622319

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2024
Historique:
received: 23 02 2024
accepted: 03 06 2024
medline: 12 8 2024
pubmed: 12 8 2024
entrez: 12 8 2024
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5 PMID: 39130092 PMC: PMC11306575
pubmed: 39130092
doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5
pii: 12982
pmc: PMC11306575
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

784

Informations de copyright

© The Author(s) 2024.

Auteurs

E Aprile (E)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6595-7098

J Aalbers (J)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0030-0030

K Abe (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan.
ORCID: 0009-0000-9620-788X

S Ahmed Maouloud (S)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0844-4576

L Althueser (L)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5468-4298

B Andrieu (B)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
ORCID: 0009-0002-6485-4163

E Angelino (E)

INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6695-4355

J R Angevaare (JR)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

V C Antochi (VC)

Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden.

D Antón Martin (D)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

F Arneodo (F)

New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1061-0510

M Balata (M)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

L Baudis (L)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4710-1768

A L Baxter (AL)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.

M Bazyk (M)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.
ORCID: 0009-0000-7986-153X

L Bellagamba (L)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7098-9393

R Biondi (R)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6622-8740

A Bismark (A)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0574-4303

E J Brookes (EJ)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

A Brown (A)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1623-8086

S Bruenner (S)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

G Bruno (G)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9005-2821

R Budnik (R)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1963-9408

T K Bui (TK)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan.

C Cai (C)

Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.

J M R Cardoso (JMR)

LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8832-8208

F Cassese (F)

Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy.

A Chiarini (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

D Cichon (D)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

A P Cimental Chavez (AP)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

A P Colijn (AP)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3118-5197

J Conrad (J)

Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9984-4411

R Corrieri (R)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

J J Cuenca-García (JJ)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3869-7398

J P Cussonneau (JP)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.

O Dadoun (O)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.

V D'Andrea (V)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
INFN-Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2037-4133

M P Decowski (MP)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1577-6229

B De Fazio (B)

Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy.

P Di Gangi (PD)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4982-3748

S Diglio (S)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9340-0534

J M Disdier (JM)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

D Douillet (D)

IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France.

K Eitel (K)

Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5900-0599

A Elykov (A)

Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2693-232X

S Farrell (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.

A D Ferella (AD)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6006-9160

C Ferrari (C)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0838-2328

H Fischer (H)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9342-7665

M Flierman (M)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3785-7871

S Form (S)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

D Front (D)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.

W Fulgione (W)

INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy.
INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2388-3809

C Fuselli (C)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7517-8618

P Gaemers (P)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0009-0003-1108-1619

R Gaior (R)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
ORCID: 0009-0005-2488-5856

A Gallo Rosso (AG)

Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden.

M Galloway (M)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8323-9564

F Gao (F)

Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1376-677X

R Gardner (R)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

N Garroum (N)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.

R Glade-Beucke (R)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0006-5455-2232

L Grandi (L)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0771-7568

J Grigat (J)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0005-4775-0196

H Guan (H)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
ORCID: 0009-0006-5049-0812

M Guerzoni (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

M Guida (M)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5126-0337

R Hammann (R)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6149-9413

A Higuera (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9310-2994

C Hils (C)

Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.

L Hoetzsch (L)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2572-477X

N F Hood (NF)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2507-7656

J Howlett (J)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.

C Huhmann (C)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

M Iacovacci (M)

Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3102-4721

G Iaquaniello (G)

IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400 Orsay, France.

L Iven (L)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Y Itow (Y)

Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8198-1968

J Jakob (J)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0000-2220-1418

F Joerg (F)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1719-3294

A Joy (A)

Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden.

M Kara (M)

Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0004-5080-9446

P Kavrigin (P)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
ORCID: 0009-0000-1339-2419

S Kazama (S)

Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6976-3693

M Kobayashi (M)

Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602 Japan.
ORCID: 0009-0006-7861-1284

G Koltman (G)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.

A Kopec (A)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6548-0963

F Kuger (F)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9475-3916

H Landsman (H)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7570-5238

R F Lang (RF)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7594-2746

L Levinson (L)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4679-0485

I Li (I)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6655-3685

S Li (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 China.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0379-1111

S Liang (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0116-654X

S Lindemann (S)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4501-7231

M Lindner (M)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3704-6016

K Liu (K)

Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.
ORCID: 0009-0004-1437-5716

J Loizeau (J)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6375-9768

F Lombardi (F)

Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0229-4391

J Long (J)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5617-7337

J A M Lopes (JAM)

LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal.
Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6366-2963

Y Ma (Y)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5227-675X

C Macolino (C)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2517-6574

J Mahlstedt (J)

Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8514-2037

A Mancuso (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
ORCID: 0009-0002-2018-6095

L Manenti (L)

New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7590-0175

F Marignetti (F)

Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8776-4561

T Marrodán Undagoitia (T)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9332-6074

P Martella (P)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

K Martens (K)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5049-3339

J Masbou (J)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8089-8639

D Masson (D)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

E Masson (E)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5628-8926

S Mastroianni (S)

Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9467-0851

E Mele (E)

Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy.

M Messina (M)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6475-7649

R Michinelli (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

K Miuchi (K)

Department of Physics, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501 Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1546-7370

A Molinario (A)

INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5379-7290

S Moriyama (S)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7630-2839

K Morå (K)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2011-1889

Y Mosbacher (Y)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.

M Murra (M)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0009-0008-2608-4472

J Müller (J)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0007-4572-6146

K Ni (K)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2566-0091

S Nisi (S)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

U Oberlack (U)

Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8160-5498

D Orlandi (D)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

R Othegraven (R)

Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.

B Paetsch (B)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5025-3976

J Palacio (J)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

S Parlati (S)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

P Paschos (P)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

Q Pellegrini (Q)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
ORCID: 0009-0002-8692-6367

R Peres (R)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5243-2268

C Peters (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.

J Pienaar (J)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5830-5454

M Pierre (M)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9714-4929

G Plante (G)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4381-674X

T R Pollmann (TR)

Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1249-6213

J Qi (J)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0078-0417

J Qin (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8228-8949

D Ramírez García (DR)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5896-2697

M Rynge (M)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292 USA.

J Shi (J)

Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.

R Singh (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9564-7795

L Sanchez (L)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
ORCID: 0009-0000-4564-4705

J M F Dos Santos (JMFD)

LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8841-6523

I Sarnoff (I)

New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4914-4991

G Sartorelli (G)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1910-5948

J Schreiner (J)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

D Schulte (D)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

P Schulte (P)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0008-9029-3092

H Schulze Eißing (H)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.

M Schumann (M)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5036-1256

L Scotto Lavina (L)

LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3483-8800

M Selvi (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0243-0840

F Semeria (F)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4328-6454

P Shagin (P)

Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0003-2423-4311

S Shi (S)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2445-6681

E Shockley (E)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.

M Silva (M)

LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1554-9579

H Simgen (H)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3074-0395

J Stephen (J)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

M Stern (M)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.

B K Stillwell (BK)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.

A Takeda (A)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan.
ORCID: 0009-0003-6003-072X

P-L Tan (PL)

Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, 10691 Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5743-2520

D Tatananni (D)

INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9052-9703

A Terliuk (A)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

D Thers (D)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.

F Toschi (F)

Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0007-8336-9207

G Trinchero (G)

INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0866-6379

C Tunnell (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.

F Tönnies (F)

Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2287-5815

K Valerius (K)

Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7964-974X

G Volta (G)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7351-1459

C Weinheimer (C)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4083-9068

M Weiss (M)

Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
ORCID: 0009-0005-3996-3474

D Wenz (D)

Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
ORCID: 0009-0004-5242-3571

J Westermann (J)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

C Wittweg (C)

Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8494-740X

T Wolf (T)

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

V H S Wu (VHS)

Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8111-1532

Y Xing (Y)

SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1866-5188

D Xu (D)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7361-9195

Z Xu (Z)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6720-3094

M Yamashita (M)

Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, Gifu, 506-1205 Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9811-1929

L Yang (L)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5272-050X

J Ye (J)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 China.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6127-2582

L Yuan (L)

Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0024-8017

G Zavattini (G)

INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6089-7185

M Zhong (M)

Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
ORCID: 0009-0004-2968-6357

T Zhu (T)

Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA.

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