Synchronizing the Nomenclature Surrounding Synchronous Primary Cutaneous Melanomas: A Systematic Review.

There is little consensus regarding the nomenclature and prognostic implications of synchronous melanomas. Here, we present a case of synchronous cutaneous melanoma and perform a systematic review of similar cases in the literature. Pubmed and EMBASE databases were queried for relevant English-language articles published from inception until 2023. Cases of "multiple primary cutaneous melanomas" that occurred within a time frame of three months or less were included. Exclusion criteria included non-cutaneous melanomas and cases without specific time intervals or those occurring beyond a three-month period. Data including patient age, sex, risk factors, cutaneous melanoma (CM) anatomic location, CM clinicohistologic features, and prognosis were extracted from relevant articles. Nineteen case reports/series documenting 22 patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM) occurring within a three-month interval. Overall, 66 melanomas were diagnosed, with an average of three (SD±2.1, median: 2) per patient. A majority (63%) of patients had one or more risk factors for skin cancer. Subsequent CM found within three-month interval were thinner than the first found (index) CM, more likely to be melanoma Limitations to our review included inconsistent reporting in the literature and use of terminology and a limited number of case reports and case series found in the literature. Synchronous primary cutaneous melanomas are a heterogenous collection of terminologies that may limit the ability of dermatologists to accurately diagnose, prognosticate, and treat high-risk patients. Given lack of guidelines, we recommend the use of the term "synchronous" to delineate additional primary cutaneous melanomas found within a three-month interval.

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DISCLOSURES: The authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.