The structural organization of the outer tissues in the gametophytic stem of the umbrella moss Hypnodendron menziesii optimizes load bearing.
Cell wall
Gametophyte
Heteromannan
Homogalacturonan
Immunolabeling
Rhamnogalacturonan
Ultrastructure
Journal
Planta
ISSN: 1432-2048
Titre abrégé: Planta
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 1250576
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Aug 2024
16 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
16
04
2024
accepted:
07
08
2024
medline:
16
8
2024
pubmed:
16
8
2024
entrez:
16
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The ultrastructural design and biochemical organization of the significantly thickened outer tissues of the gametophytic stem of Hypnodendron menziesii optimizes load bearing of the stem. Hypnodendron menziesii is a bryoid umbrella moss growing in high humid conditions on the forest floors of New Zealand. The erect gametophyte bears up to eight whorls of branches in succession, spreading across the stem that bears the heavy weight of branches with highly hydrated leaves. Our investigation using a combination of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TEM-immunolabeling techniques provided novel information on the structural design and biochemical organization of greatly thickened cell walls of epidermal, hypodermal, and outermost cortical tissues, comparing underlying thin-walled cortical tissues in the gametophytic stem. Probing into the ultrastructure of the cell wall architecture of these target tissues by TEM and SEM revealed the cell walls to display a multilamellar organization, in addition to demonstrating the presence of an electron-dense substance in the cell wall, presumably flavonoids. The pattern of distribution and concentration of rhamnogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, and heteromannan, as determined by immunogold labeling, suggests that it is the combination of structural and molecular design of the cell wall that may optimize the mechanical function of the epidermal, hypodermal, and outer cortical tissues. Statistical relationships between the overall thickness of epidermal, hypodermal, and outer cortical cell walls, the lumen area of cells and the percentage area of cell wall occupied in these tissues at different heights of the stem, and thickness of secondary cell wall layers (L1-L4/5) were explored. The results of these analyses unequivocally support the contribution of outer tissues to the mechanical strength of the resilient stem.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39150569
doi: 10.1007/s00425-024-04503-1
pii: 10.1007/s00425-024-04503-1
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
73Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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