Semaphorin heterodimerization in cis regulates membrane targeting and neocortical wiring.
Semaphorins
/ metabolism
Animals
Neocortex
/ metabolism
Cell Membrane
/ metabolism
Humans
Mice
Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins
/ metabolism
Antigens, CD
/ metabolism
Protein Multimerization
Transcription Factors
/ metabolism
Neurons
/ metabolism
Mutation
Cell Movement
Axons
/ metabolism
Epilepsy
/ metabolism
Corpus Callosum
/ metabolism
HEK293 Cells
Glycosylation
Male
Female
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Journal
Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Aug 2024
16 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
06
02
2023
accepted:
22
07
2024
medline:
17
8
2024
pubmed:
17
8
2024
entrez:
16
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Disruption of neocortical circuitry and architecture in humans causes numerous neurodevelopmental disorders. Neocortical cytoarchitecture is orchestrated by various transcription factors such as Satb2 that control target genes during strict time windows. In humans, mutations of SATB2 cause SATB2 Associated Syndrome (SAS), a multisymptomatic syndrome involving epilepsy, intellectual disability, speech delay, and craniofacial defects. Here we show that Satb2 controls neuronal migration and callosal axonal outgrowth during murine neocortical development by inducing the expression of the GPI-anchored protein, Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A). We find that Sema7A exerts this biological activity by heterodimerizing in cis with the transmembrane semaphorin, Sema4D. We could also observe that heterodimerization with Sema7A promotes targeting of Sema4D to the plasma membrane in vitro. Finally, we report an epilepsy-associated de novo mutation in Sema4D (Q497P) that inhibits normal glycosylation and plasma membrane localization of Sema4D-associated complexes. These results suggest that neuronal use of semaphorins during neocortical development is heteromeric, and a greater signaling complexity exists than was previously thought.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39152101
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51009-1
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-51009-1
doi:
Substances chimiques
Semaphorins
0
Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins
0
Antigens, CD
0
Sema7a protein, mouse
0
Transcription Factors
0
SATB2 protein, mouse
0
Sema4d protein, mouse
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
7059Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
ID : 451346372
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Stouffer, M. A., Golden, J. A. & Francis, F. Neuronal migration disorders: focus on the cytoskeleton and epilepsy. Neurobiol. Dis. 92, 18–45 (2016).
Pan, Y.-H., Wu, N. & Yuan, X.-B. Toward a Better Understanding of neuronal migration deficits in autism spectrum disorders. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 7 (2019).
Barnes, A. P. & Polleux, F. Establishment of axon-dendrite polarity in developing neurons. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 32, 347–381 (2009).
Bradke, F. & Dotti, C. G. Establishment of neuronal polarity: lessons from cultured hippocampal neurons. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 574–581 (2000).
pubmed: 11084319
doi: 10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00124-0
Epifanova, E. et al. Adhesion dynamics in the neocortex determine the start of migration and the post-migratory orientation of neurons. Sci. Adv. 7, eabf1973 (2021).
pubmed: 34215578
pmcid: 11060048
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1973
Leone, D. P., Srinivasan, K., Chen, B., Alcamo, E. & McConnell, S. K. The determination of projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 18, 28–35 (2008).
pubmed: 18508260
pmcid: 2483251
doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2008.05.006
Leyva-Díaz, E. & López-Bendito, G. In and out from the cortex: development of major forebrain connections. Neuroscience 254, 26–44 (2013).
pubmed: 24042037
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.070
Moldrich, R. X. et al. Molecular regulation of the developing commissural plate. J. Comp. Neurol. 518, 3645–3661 (2010).
pubmed: 20653027
pmcid: 2910370
doi: 10.1002/cne.22445
Paolino, A., Fenlon, L. R., Suárez, R. & Richards, L. J. Transcriptional control of long-range cortical projections. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 53, 57–65 (2018).
pubmed: 29894898
doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.05.005
Alcamo, E. A. et al. Satb2 regulates callosal projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex. Neuron 57, 364–377 (2008).
pubmed: 18255030
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.012
Britanova, O. et al. Satb2 is a postmitotic determinant for upper-layer neuron specification in the neocortex. Neuron 57, 378–392 (2008).
pubmed: 18255031
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.028
Döcker, D. et al. Further delineation of the SATB2 phenotype. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 22, 1034–1039 (2014).
pubmed: 24301056
doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.280
Zarate, Y. A. & Fish, J. L. SATB2-associated syndrome: mechanisms, phenotype, and practical recommendations. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 173, 327–337 (2017).
pubmed: 27774744
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38022
Zarate, Y. A. et al. Further supporting evidence for the SATB2-associated syndrome found through whole exome sequencing. Am. J. Med. Genet. 167, 1026–1032 (2015).
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36849
Lewis, H. et al. Epilepsy and electroencephalographic abnormalities in SATB2-associated syndrome. Pediatr. Neurol. 112, 94–100 (2020).
pubmed: 32446642
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.04.006
Kolodkin, A. L. & Ginty, D. D. Steering clear of semaphorins: neuropilins sound the retreat. Neuron 19, 1159–1162 (1997).
pubmed: 9427240
doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80408-0
Nakamura, F., Kalb, R. G. & Strittmatter, S. M. Molecular basis of semaphorin-mediated axon guidance. J. Neurobiol. 44, 219–229 (2000).
pubmed: 10934324
doi: 10.1002/1097-4695(200008)44:2<219::AID-NEU11>3.0.CO;2-W
Tamagnone, L. & Comoglio, P. M. To move or not to move? EMBO Rep. 5, 356–361 (2004).
pubmed: 15060572
pmcid: 1299025
doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400114
Carulli, D., de Winter, F. & Verhaagen, J. Semaphorins in adult nervous system plasticity and disease. Front. Synaptic Neurosci. 13, 672891 (2021).
pubmed: 34045951
pmcid: 8148045
doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.672891
Limoni, G. & Niquille, M. Semaphorins and Plexins in central nervous system patterning: the key to it all? Curr. Opin Neurobiol. 66, 224–232 (2021).
pubmed: 33513538
doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.014
Pasterkamp, R. J. & Giger, R. J. Semaphorin function in neural plasticity and disease. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 19, 263–274 (2009).
pubmed: 19541473
pmcid: 2730419
doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.001
Rizzolio, S. & Tamagnone, L. Semaphorin signals on the road to cancer invasion and metastasis. Cell Adhes. Migration 1, 62–68 (2007).
doi: 10.4161/cam.1.2.4570
Yazdani, U. & Terman, J. R. The semaphorins. Genome biology 7, 211 (2006).
pubmed: 16584533
pmcid: 1557745
doi: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-3-211
Jongbloets, B. C., Ramakers, G. M. J. & Pasterkamp, R. J. Semaphorin7A and its receptors: pleiotropic regulators of immune cell function, bone homeostasis, and neural development. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 24, 129–138 (2013).
pubmed: 23333497
doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.01.002
Jongbloets, B. C. et al. Stage-specific functions of Semaphorin7A during adult hippocampal neurogenesis rely on distinct receptors. Nat. Commun. 8, 14666 (2017).
pubmed: 28281529
pmcid: 5353663
doi: 10.1038/ncomms14666
Negishi, M., Oinuma, I. & Katoh, H. Plexins: axon guidance and signal transduction. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 62, 1363–1371 (2005).
pubmed: 15818466
pmcid: 11139078
doi: 10.1007/s00018-005-5018-2
Tamagnone, L. et al. Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates. Cell 99, 71–80 (1999).
pubmed: 10520995
doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80063-X
Perez-Branguli, F. et al. Reverse signaling by semaphorin-6a regulates cellular aggregation and neuronal morphology. PLoS ONE 11, e0158686 (2016).
pubmed: 27392094
pmcid: 4938514
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158686
Andermatt, I. et al. Semaphorin 6B acts as a receptor in post-crossing commissural axon guidance. Development 141, 3709–3720 (2014).
Kang, S. et al. Semaphorin 6D reverse signaling controls macrophage lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory polarization. Nat. Immunol. 19, 561–570 (2018).
pubmed: 29777213
doi: 10.1038/s41590-018-0108-0
Sun, T. et al. A reverse signaling pathway downstream of Sema4A controls cell migration via Scrib. J. Cell Biol. 216, 199–215 (2017).
pubmed: 28007914
pmcid: 5223600
doi: 10.1083/jcb.201602002
Battistini, C. & Tamagnone, L. Transmembrane semaphorins, forward and reverse signaling: have a look both ways. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 73, 1609–1622 (2016).
pubmed: 26794845
pmcid: 11108563
doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2137-x
Srivatsa, S. et al. Unc5C and DCC act downstream of Ctip2 and Satb2 and contribute to corpus callosum formation. Nat. Commun. 5, 3708 (2014).
pubmed: 24739528
doi: 10.1038/ncomms4708
Chilton, J. K. Molecular mechanisms of axon guidance. Dev. Biol. 292, 13–24 (2006).
pubmed: 16476423
doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.12.048
Dudanova, I. & Klein, R. Integration of guidance cues: parallel signaling and crosstalk. Trends Neurosci. 36, 295–304 (2013).
pubmed: 23485451
doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.007
Kim, S. W. & Kim, K.-T. Expression of genes involved in axon guidance: how much have we learned? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 3566 (2020).
pubmed: 32443632
pmcid: 7278939
doi: 10.3390/ijms21103566
Goebbels, S. et al. Genetic targeting of principal neurons in neocortex and hippocampus of NEX-Cre mice. Genesis 44, 611–621 (2006).
pubmed: 17146780
doi: 10.1002/dvg.20256
McKenna, W. L. et al. Mutual regulation between Satb2 and Fezf2 promotes subcerebral projection neuron identity in the developing cerebral cortex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 112, 11702–11707 (2015).
pubmed: 26324926
pmcid: 4577201
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1504144112
Hammal, F., de Langen, P., Bergon, A., Lopez, F. & Ballester, B. ReMap 2022: a database of human, mouse, Drosophila and Arabidopsis regulatory regions from an integrative analysis of DNA-binding sequencing experiments. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, D316–D325 (2022).
pubmed: 34751401
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab996
Britanova, O. et al. A novel mode of tangential migration of cortical projection neurons. Dev. Biol. 298, 299–311 (2006).
pubmed: 16901480
doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.040
Jaitner, C. et al. Satb2 determines miRNA expression and long-term memory in the adult central nervous system. eLife 5, e17361 (2016).
pubmed: 27897969
pmcid: 5207769
doi: 10.7554/eLife.17361
Wahl, N. et al. SATB2 organizes the 3D genome architecture of cognition in cortical neurons. Mol. Cell 84, 621–639.e9 (2024).
pubmed: 38244545
doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.024
Stiess, M. & Bradke, F. Neuronal polarization: the cytoskeleton leads the way. Dev. Neurobiol. 71, 430–444 (2011).
pubmed: 21557499
doi: 10.1002/dneu.20849
de Anda, F. C. et al. Centrosome localization determines neuronal polarity. Nature 436, 704–708 (2005).
pubmed: 16079847
doi: 10.1038/nature03811
Sakakibara, A. et al. Dynamics of centrosome translocation and microtubule organization in neocortical neurons during distinct modes of polarization. Cereb. Cortex 24, 1301–1310 (2014).
pubmed: 23307632
doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs411
Yoshimura, T., Arimura, N. & Kaibuchi, K. Signaling networks in neuronal polarization. J. Neurosci. 26, 10626–10630 (2006).
pubmed: 17050700
pmcid: 6674748
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3824-06.2006
Liu, H. et al. Structural basis of semaphorin-plexin recognition and viral mimicry from Sema7A and A39R complexes with PlexinC1. Cell 142, 749–761 (2010).
pubmed: 20727575
pmcid: 2936782
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.040
Kong-Beltran, M., Stamos, J. & Wickramasinghe, D. The Sema domain of Met is necessary for receptor dimerization and activation. Cancer Cell 6, 75–84 (2004).
pubmed: 15261143
doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.06.013
Marita, M. et al. Class A plexins are organized as preformed inactive dimers on the cell surface. Biophys. J. 109, 1937–1945 (2015).
pubmed: 26536270
pmcid: 4643210
doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.04.043
Janssen, B. J. et al. Neuropilins lock secreted semaphorins onto plexins in a ternary signaling complex. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19, 1293–1299 (2012).
pubmed: 23104057
pmcid: 3590443
doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2416
Pasterkamp, R. J., Peschon, J. J., Spriggs, M. K. & Kolodkin, A. L. Semaphorin 7A promotes axon outgrowth through integrins and MAPKs. Nature 424, 398–405 (2003).
pubmed: 12879062
doi: 10.1038/nature01790
Kozlov, G. et al. Insights into function of PSI domains from structure of the Met receptor PSI domain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 321, 234–240 (2004).
pubmed: 15358240
doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.132
Rozbesky, D. et al. Diversity of oligomerization in Drosophila semaphorins suggests a mechanism of functional fine-tuning. Nat. Commun. 10, 3691 (2019).
pubmed: 31417095
pmcid: 6695400
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11683-y
Sweeney, L. B. et al. Secreted semaphorins from degenerating larval orn axons direct adult projection neuron dendrite targeting. Neuron 72, 734–747 (2011).
pubmed: 22153371
pmcid: 3365565
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.026
Love, C. A. et al. The ligand-binding face of the semaphorins revealed by the high-resolution crystal structure of SEMA4D. Nat. Struct. Biol. 10, 843–848 (2003).
pubmed: 12958590
doi: 10.1038/nsb977
Elhabazi, A. et al. The human semaphorin-like leukocyte cell surface molecule CD100 associates with a serine kinase. Activity. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23515–23520 (1997).
pubmed: 9295286
doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.38.23515
Janssen, B. J. C. et al. Structural basis of semaphorin-plexin signalling. Nature 467, 1118–1122 (2010).
pubmed: 20877282
pmcid: 3587840
doi: 10.1038/nature09468
Raissi, A. J., Staudenmaier, E. K., David, S., Hu, L. & Paradis, S. Sema4D localizes to synapses and regulates GABAergic synapse development as a membrane-bound molecule in the mammalian hippocampus. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 57, 23–32 (2013).
pubmed: 24036351
doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.08.004
Mirdita, M. et al. ColabFold: making protein folding accessible to all. Nat. Methods 19, 679–682 (2022).
pubmed: 35637307
pmcid: 9184281
doi: 10.1038/s41592-022-01488-1
Vaegter, C. B. et al. Sortilin associates with Trk receptors to enhance anterograde transport and neurotrophin signaling. Nat. Neurosci. 14, 54–61 (2011).
pubmed: 21102451
doi: 10.1038/nn.2689
Pasterkamp, R. J. Getting neural circuits into shape with semaphorins. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 605–618 (2012).
pubmed: 22895477
doi: 10.1038/nrn3302
Gurrapu, S. et al. Reverse signaling by semaphorin 4C elicits SMAD1/5- and ID1/3-dependent invasive reprogramming in cancer cells. Sci. Signaling 12, eaav2041 (2019).
doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aav2041
Gherardi, E., Love, C. A., Esnouf, R. M. & Jones, E. Y. The sema domain. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 14, 669–678 (2004).
pubmed: 15582390
doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2004.10.010
Lu, D., Shang, G., He, X., Bai, X. & Zhang, X. Architecture of the Sema3A/PlexinA4/Neuropilin tripartite complex. Nat. Commun. 12, 3172 (2021).
pubmed: 34039996
pmcid: 8155012
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23541-x
Nogi, T. et al. Structural basis for semaphorin signalling through the plexin receptor. Nature 467, 1123–1127 (2010).
pubmed: 20881961
doi: 10.1038/nature09473
Delaire, S., Elhabazi, A., Bensussan, A. & Boumsell, L. CD100 is a leukocyte semaphorin. CMLS. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 54, 1265–1276 (1998).
pubmed: 9849618
pmcid: 11147245
doi: 10.1007/s000180050252
Witherden, D. A. et al. The CD100 receptor interacts with its plexin B2 ligand to regulate epidermal γδ T cell function. Immunity 37, 314–325 (2012).
pubmed: 22902232
pmcid: 3430606
doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.026
Nishide, M. et al. Semaphorin 4D inhibits neutrophil activation and is involved in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune vasculitis. Ann. Rheumatic Dis. 76, 1440–1448 (2017).
doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210706
Chataigner, L. M. P., Leloup, N. & Janssen, B. J. C. Structural perspectives on extracellular recognition and conformational changes of several type-I transmembrane receptors. Front. Mol. Biosci. 7, 129 (2020).
pubmed: 32850948
pmcid: 7427315
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00129
Kopp, M. A., Brommer, B., Gatzemeier, N., Schwab, J. M. & Prüss, H. Spinal cord injury induces differential expression of the profibrotic semaphorin 7A in the developing and mature glial scar. Glia 58, 1748–1756 (2010).
pubmed: 20645410
doi: 10.1002/glia.21045
Smith, E. S. et al. SEMA4D compromises blood–brain barrier, activates microglia, and inhibits remyelination in neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 73, 254–268 (2015).
pubmed: 25461192
doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.008
Clark, I. C. et al. Barcoded viral tracing of single-cell interactions in central nervous system inflammation. Science 372, eabf1230 (2021).
pubmed: 33888612
pmcid: 8157482
doi: 10.1126/science.abf1230
Evans, E. E. et al. Semaphorin 4D is upregulated in neurons of diseased brains and triggers astrocyte reactivity. J. Neuroinflammation 19, 200 (2022).
pubmed: 35933420
pmcid: 9356477
doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02509-8
Zhu, L. et al. Regulated surface expression and shedding support a dual role for semaphorin 4D in platelet responses to vascular injury. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 104, 1621–1626 (2007).
pubmed: 17244710
pmcid: 1785259
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606344104
Basile, J. R., Holmbeck, K., Bugge, T. H. & Gutkind, J. S. MT1-MMP controls tumor-induced angiogenesis through the release of semaphorin 4D. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 6899–6905 (2007).
pubmed: 17204469
doi: 10.1074/jbc.M609570200
Abad-Rodríguez, J. & Díez-Revuelta, N. Axon glycoprotein routing in nerve polarity, function, and repair. Trends Biochem. Sci. 40, 385–396 (2015).
pubmed: 25936977
doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.015
McFarlane, I., Breen, K. C., Di Giamberardino, L. & Moya, K. L. Inhibition of N-glycan processing alters axonal transport of synaptic glycoproteins in vivo. Neuroreport 11, 1543–1547 (2000).
pubmed: 10841374
doi: 10.1097/00001756-200005150-00036
Pradeep, P., Kang, H. & Lee, B. Glycosylation and behavioral symptoms in neurological disorders. Transl. Psychiatry 13, 1–12 (2023).
doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02446-x
Paprocka, J., Jezela-Stanek, A., Tylki-Szymańska, A. & Grunewald, S. Congenital disorders of glycosylation from a neurological perspective. Brain Sci. 11, 88 (2021).
pubmed: 33440761
pmcid: 7827962
doi: 10.3390/brainsci11010088
Shaikh, S. S. et al. A comprehensive functional analysis of NTRK1 missense mutations causing hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV). Hum. Mutation 38, 55–63 (2017).
doi: 10.1002/humu.23123
Watson, F. L., Porcionatto, M. A., Bhattacharyya, A., Stiles, C. D. & Segal, R. A. TrkA glycosylation regulates receptor localization and activity. J. Neurobiol. 39, 323–336 (1999).
pubmed: 10235685
doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4695(199905)39:2<323::AID-NEU15>3.0.CO;2-4
Kantor, D. B. et al. Semaphorin 5A is a bifunctional axon guidance cue regulated by heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Neuron 44, 961–975 (2004).
pubmed: 15603739
doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.002
Pitkänen, A. & Sutula, T. P. Is epilepsy a progressive disorder? Prospects for new therapeutic approaches in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Lancet Neurol. 1, 173–181 (2002).
pubmed: 12849486
doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00073-X
Kuzirian, M. S., Moore, A. R., Staudenmaier, E. K., Friedel, R. H. & Paradis, S. The class 4 semaphorin Sema4D promotes the rapid assembly of GABAergic synapses in rodent hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 33, 8961–8973 (2013).
pubmed: 23699507
pmcid: 3713781
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0989-13.2013
Acker, D. W. M., Wong, I., Kang, M. & Paradis, S. Semaphorin 4D promotes inhibitory synapse formation and suppresses seizures in vivo. Epilepsia 59, 1257–1268 (2018).
pubmed: 29799628
pmcid: 5990477
doi: 10.1111/epi.14429
Adel, S. S., Clarke, V. R. J., Evans-Strong, A., Maguire, J. & Paradis, S. Semaphorin 4D induced inhibitory synaptogenesis decreases epileptiform activity and alters progression to Status Epilepticus in mice. Epilepsy Res. 193, 107156 (2023).
pubmed: 37163910
pmcid: 10247425
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107156
Srivastava, A. et al. Transcriptomic profiling of high- and low-spiking regions reveals novel epileptogenic mechanisms in focal cortical dysplasia type II patients. Mol. Brain 14, 120 (2021).
pubmed: 34301297
pmcid: 8305866
doi: 10.1186/s13041-021-00832-4
Deng, J. et al. Sema7A, a brain immune regulator, regulates seizure activity in PTZ-kindled epileptic rats. CNS Neurosci. Therapeutics 26, 101–116 (2020).
doi: 10.1111/cns.13181
Fukunishi, A. et al. The action of Semaphorin7A on thalamocortical axon branching: Thalamocortical axon branching by Sema7A. J. Neurochem. 118, 1008–1015 (2011).
pubmed: 21781117
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07390.x
Saito, T. In vivo electroporation in the embryonic mouse central nervous system. Nat. Protocols 1, 1552 (2006).
pubmed: 17406448
doi: 10.1038/nprot.2006.276
Polleux, F. & Ghosh, A. The slice overlay assay: a versatile tool to study the influence of extracellular signals on neuronal development. Science’s STKE 2002, pl9–pl9 (2002).
pubmed: 12060788
Franzoni, E. et al. miR-128 regulates neuronal migration, outgrowth and intrinsic excitability via the intellectual disability gene Phf6. eLife 4, e04263 (2015).
pubmed: 25556700
pmcid: 4337614
doi: 10.7554/eLife.04263
Bormuth, I. et al. Neuronal basic helix-loop-helix proteins Neurod2/6 regulate cortical commissure formation before midline interactions. J. Neurosci. 33, 641–651 (2013).
pubmed: 23303943
pmcid: 6704922
doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0899-12.2013
Burley, S. K. et al. RCSB Protein Data Bank: powerful new tools for exploring 3D structures of biological macromolecules for basic and applied research and education in fundamental biology, biomedicine, biotechnology, bioengineering and energy sciences. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, D437–D451 (2021).
pubmed: 33211854
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1038
Sumathi, K., Ananthalakshmi, P., Roshan, M. N. A. M. & Sekar, K. 3dSS: 3D structural superposition. Nucleic Acids Res. 34, W128–W132 (2006).
pubmed: 16844975
pmcid: 1538824
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl036
Schrödinger, L. L. C. The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System Version 1.8 (Science and Education, 2015).
Hornbeck, P. V. et al. PhosphoSitePlus, 2014: mutations, PTMs and recalibrations. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, D512–D520 (2015).
pubmed: 25514926
doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1267