Higher locomotor costs of pregnancy in viviparous compared to oviparous common lizards (

Pregnancy is a physiological cost of reproduction for animals that rely on fleeing to avoid predators. Costs of reproduction are predicted to differ between alternative reproductive strategies or modes, such as egg-laying (oviparity) or live-bearing (viviparity). However, disentangling the factors that comprise this cost and how it differs for oviparous or viviparous females is challenging due to myriad environmental, biological, and evolutionary confounds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that costs of pregnancy differ between oviparous and viviparous common lizards (

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© 2024 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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We declare we have no competing interests.