Testing combined effects of environmental trace metals/arsenic and marine trophic status on the bioaccumulation in Pacific oysters: Insights from 22-site field samplings.

Pacific oysters were sampled from 22 human-impacted sites in northeastern Japan to measure Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. The hazard quotient was slightly >1 for Cu and/or As at two sites, but <1 for all metal species and As at the other sites, indicating low human health risks. Oysters' Cu, Zn, and Pb contents were positively related to their concentrations in the sediment, while Cr and As were not. Oysters' Cu and Zn were negatively related to the inorganic nitrogen in seawater, while oysters' Pb and As showed positive relationships with the particulate organic carbon. These findings suggest that marine trophic status affects oysters' metal uptake differently among the metal species. Furthermore, oysters' Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb contents were negatively related to their eicosapentaenoic acid content and condition index. Therefore, the nutritional conditions of oysters may influence their elimination or accumulation of these metals.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.