A Physiological Marker for Deep Brain Ultrasonic Neuromodulation.

Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation (TUSN) is a noninvasive and spatially specific therapy that promises to deliver treatments tailored to the specific needs of individuals. To fulfill this promise, each treatment must be modified to adequately correct for variation across individual skulls and neural anatomy. This study examines the use of ultrasound-induced voltage potentials (measured with electroencephalography [EEG]) to guide TUSN therapies. We measured EEG responses in two awake nonhuman primates during sonication of 12 targets surrounding two deep brain nuclei, the left and right lateral geniculate nucleus. We report reliable ultrasound evoked potentials measured with EEG after the deep brain ultrasonic modulation in nonhuman primates. Robust responses are observed after just ten repetitions of the ultrasonic stimuli. Moreover, these potentials are only evoked for specific deep brain targets. Furthermore, a behavioral study in one subject shows a direct correspondence between the target with maximal EEG response and ultrasound-based modulation of visual choice behavior. Thus, this study provides evidence for the feasibility of EEG-based guidance for ultrasound neuromodulation therapies.

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Copyright © 2024 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Conflict of Interest Jan Kubanek reports that he is the cofounder with equity stake in SPIRE, an ultrasound neuromodulation company. The remaining authors reported no conflict of interest.