Wheat genetic resources have avoided disease pandemics, improved food security, and reduced environmental footprints: A review of historical impacts and future opportunities.
climate resilience
input use efficiency
less fungicide dependence
rust epidemics
widening crop gene pools
Journal
Global change biology
ISSN: 1365-2486
Titre abrégé: Glob Chang Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9888746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2024
Aug 2024
Historique:
revised:
29
05
2024
received:
23
01
2024
accepted:
03
06
2024
medline:
26
8
2024
pubmed:
26
8
2024
entrez:
26
8
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The use of plant genetic resources (PGR)-wild relatives, landraces, and isolated breeding gene pools-has had substantial impacts on wheat breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, while increasing nutritional value, end-use quality, and grain yield. In the Global South, post-Green Revolution genetic yield gains are generally achieved with minimal additional inputs. As a result, production has increased, and millions of hectares of natural ecosystems have been spared. Without PGR-derived disease resistance, fungicide use would have easily doubled, massively increasing selection pressure for fungicide resistance. It is estimated that in wheat, a billion liters of fungicide application have been avoided just since 2000. This review presents examples of successful use of PGR including the relentless battle against wheat rust epidemics/pandemics, defending against diseases that jump species barriers like blast, biofortification giving nutrient-dense varieties and the use of novel genetic variation for improving polygenic traits like climate resilience. Crop breeding genepools urgently need to be diversified to increase yields across a range of environments (>200 Mha globally), under less predictable weather and biotic stress pressure, while increasing input use efficiency. Given that the ~0.8 m PGR in wheat collections worldwide are relatively untapped and massive impacts of the tiny fraction studied, larger scale screenings and introgression promise solutions to emerging challenges, facilitated by advanced phenomic and genomic tools. The first translocations in wheat to modify rhizosphere microbiome interaction (reducing biological nitrification, reducing greenhouse gases, and increasing nitrogen use efficiency) is a landmark proof of concept. Phenomics and next-generation sequencing have already elucidated exotic haplotypes associated with biotic and complex abiotic traits now mainstreamed in breeding. Big data from decades of global yield trials can elucidate the benefits of PGR across environments. This kind of impact cannot be achieved without widescale sharing of germplasm and other breeding technologies through networks and public-private partnerships in a pre-competitive space.
Substances chimiques
Fungicides, Industrial
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e17440Subventions
Organisme : Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Trust Fund
Organisme : ACIAR
Organisme : BBSRC
Organisme : BMGF
Organisme : FCDO
Organisme : CGIAR
Organisme : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) / International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)
Organisme : FFAR
Organisme : Grains Research and Development Corporation, Australian Government
Organisme : International Wheat Yield Partnership (IWYP)
Organisme : JIRCAS
Organisme : Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Government of Japan
Organisme : Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MAFW), Government of India
Organisme : Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
Organisme : The Novo Nordisk Foundation
Organisme : Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER), Government of Mexico
Organisme : Syngenta Foundation
Organisme : USDA
Organisme : United States Agency for International Development
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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