Profiles of well-being and their associations with self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, and gratitude among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.
arthritis
fibromyalgia
forgiveness
gratitude
latent profile analysis
person‐centred approach
well‐being
Journal
British journal of health psychology
ISSN: 2044-8287
Titre abrégé: Br J Health Psychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9605409
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 Aug 2024
26 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
27
03
2024
accepted:
02
08
2024
medline:
27
8
2024
pubmed:
27
8
2024
entrez:
26
8
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) often experience poor well-being. Common limitations of the studies on this topic involve using variable-centred and deficit-based approaches. In this study, we used the person-centred approach to identify profiles of positive (life satisfaction and health status) and negative (depression, anxiety, fatigue, and stress) indicators of well-being among patients with RMDs. Moreover, we tested self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, gratitude, and sociodemographics as contributors to latent profile membership. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Using a latent profile analysis, we investigated well-being profiles among 892 patients with RMDs (759 patients with arthritis and 133 with fibromyalgia [FM]) and examined the correlates of latent profile membership. We identified four profiles of well-being: (1) 'life dissatisfaction' (9.2%), (2) 'high well-being' (43.4%), (3) 'suboptimal well-being' (35.2%), and (4) 'very poor well-being' (12.2%). Members of Profile 2 had higher levels of self-forgiveness and gratitude than members of the remaining profiles, had higher levels of forgiveness of others than Profile 3, and were older than members of Profile 4. Moreover, members of Profile 2 had a higher proportion of patients with arthritis relative to those with FM than all other profiles and men to women than Profile 4. Patients with RMDs are heterogeneous in terms of well-being. Self-forgiveness, gratitude, and forgiveness of others may serve as psychological capital that enhances patients' well-being. Special attention should be paid to patients with FM, women, and younger patients since they can be especially susceptible to poor well-being.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024 British Psychological Society.
Références
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross‐cultural adaptation of self‐report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632‐200012150‐00014
Bee, H., & Boyd, D. (2019). Lifespan development, global edition. Pearson Education Limited.
Bennett, R. M., Jones, J., Turk, D. C., Russell, I. J., & Matallana, L. (2007). An internet survey of 2,596 people with fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 8, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471‐2474‐8‐27
Berlin, K. S., Williams, N. A., & Parra, G. R. (2014). An introduction to latent variable mixture modeling (part 1): Overview and cross‐sectional latent class and latent profile analyses. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39(2), 174–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jst084
Bernard, A. L., Prince, A., & Edsall, P. (2000). Quality of life issues for fibromyalgia patients. Arthritis Care and Research, 13(1), 42–50.
Birtane, M., Uzunca, K., Taştekin, N., & Tuna, H. (2007). The evaluation of quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome: A comparison with rheumatoid arthritis by using SF‐36 health survey. Clinical Rheumatology, 26(5), 679–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067‐006‐0359‐2
Bucourt, E., Martaillé, V., Goupille, P., Joncker‐Vannier, I., Huttenberger, B., Réveillère, C., Mulleman, D., & Courtois, A. R. (2021). A comparative study of fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome; impact of the disease on quality of life, psychological adjustment, and use of coping strategies. Pain Medicine, 22(2), 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz255
Card, N. A. (2019). Meta‐analyses of the reliabilities of four measures of gratitude. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(5), 576–586. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1497690
Carson, J. W., Keefe, F. J., Goli, V., Fras, A. M., Lynch, T. R., Thorp, S. R., & Buechler, J. L. (2005). Forgiveness and chronic low back pain: A preliminary study examining the relationship of forgiveness to pain, anger, and psychological distress. The Journal of Pain, 6(2), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2004.10.012
Castro‐Sánchez, A. M., Matarán‐Peñarrocha, G. A., López‐Rodríguez, M. M., Lara‐Palomo, I. C., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., & Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C. (2012). Gender differences in pain severity, disability, depression, and widespread pressure pain sensitivity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome without comorbid conditions. Pain Medicine, 13(12), 1639–1647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526‐4637.2012.01523.x
Charzyńska, E. (2021). The effect of baseline patterns of spiritual coping, forgiveness, and gratitude on the completion of an alcohol addiction treatment program. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(3), 1796–1817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943‐021‐01188‐8
Chen, J. A., Anderson, M. L., Cherkin, D. C., Balderson, B. H., Cook, A. J., Sherman, K. J., & Turner, J. A. (2023). Moderators and nonspecific predictors of treatment benefits in a randomized trial of mindfulness‐based stress reduction vs cognitive‐behavioral therapy vs usual care for chronic low back pain. The Journal of Pain, 24(2), 282–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2022.09.014
Cheung, F., & Lucas, R. E. (2014). Assessing the validity of single‐item life satisfaction measures: Results from three large samples. Quality of Life Research, 23(10), 2809–2818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136‐014‐0726‐4
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396.
Collins, L. M., & Lanza, S. T. (2010). Latent class and latent transition analysis: With applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Cuervo, F. M., Santos, A. M., Peláez‐Ballestas, I., Rueda, J. C., Angarita, J. I., Giraldo, R., Ballesteros, J. G., Padilla‐Ortiz, D. M., Reyes, V., Forero, E., Saldarriaga, E. L., Villota‐Eraso, C., Bernal‐Macias, S., & Londono, J. (2020). Comparison of quality of life in patients with musculoskeletal symptoms, those with other comorbidities, and healthy people, in a Colombian open population study. Revista Colombiana de Reumatologia, 27(3), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcreu.2020.04.002
De Rooij, A., van der Leeden, M., Roorda, L. D., Steultjens, M. P., & Dekker, J. (2013). Predictors of outcome of multidisciplinary treatment in chronic widespread pain: An observational study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, 133. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471‐2474‐14‐133
Dyball, S., Reynolds, J. A., Herrick, A. L., Haque, S., Chinoy, H., Bruce, E., Naz, S., Parker, B., & Bruce, I. N. (2023). Determinants of health‐related quality of life across the spectrum of connective tissue diseases using latent profile analysis: Results from the LEAP cohort. Rheumatology, 62(8), 2673–2682. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keac680
Eakin, G. S., Amodeo, K. L., & Kahlon, R. S. (2017). Arthritis and its public health burden. Delaware Journal of Public Health, 3(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2017.03.006
Eaton, R. J., Bradley, G., & Morrissey, S. (2014). Positive predispositions, quality of life and chronic illness. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 19(4), 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2013.824593
Edwards, R. R., Cahalan, C., Mensing, G., Smith, M., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2011). Pain, catastrophizing, and depression in the rheumatic diseases. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 7(4), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2011.2
Feldman, S. R., Malakouti, M., & Koo, J. Y. (2014). Social impact of the burden of psoriasis: Effects on patients and practice. Dermatology Online Journal, 20(8), 13030/qt48r4w8h2. https://doi.org/10.5070/D3208023523
Forden, G., Ronaghan, S., Williams, P., Fish, S., & Ford, C. (2023). Predictors of treatment outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic pain: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1–12. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2023.2283113
Galvez‐Sánchez, C. M., Duschek, S., & Reyes del Paso, G. A. (2019). Psychological impact of fibromyalgia: Current perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 117–127. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S178240
Galvez‐Sánchez, C. M., Duschek, S., & Reyes Del Paso, G. A. (2022). Is reduced health‐related quality of life a primary manifestation of fibromyalgia? A comparative study with rheumatoid arthritis. Psychology & Health, 39(4), 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2085705
Gao, F., Li, Y., & Bai, X. (2022). Forgiveness and subjective wellbeing: A meta‐analysis review. Personality and Individual Differences, 186, 111350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid2021.111350
Gonzalez, B., Novo, R., Peres, R., & Baptista, T. (2019). Fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis: Personality and psychopathology differences from the Minnesota multiphasic personality Inventory‐2. Personality and Individual Differences, 142, 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.013
Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2017). Measuring well‐being: A comparison of subjective well‐being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
Gouveia, V. V., Ribeiro, M. G. C., de Aquino, T. A. A., Loureto, G. D. L., Nascimento, B. S., & Rezende, A. T. (2021). Gratitude questionnaire (GQ‐6): Evidence of construct validity in Brazil. Current Psychology, 40(5), 2481–2489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144‐019‐00197‐x
Guglielmo, D., Hootman, J. M., Boring, M. A., Murphy, L. B., Theis, K. A., Croft, J. B., Barbour, K. E., Katz, P. P., & Helmick, C. G. (2018). Symptoms of anxiety and depression among adults with arthritis – United States, 2015–2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(39), 1081–1087. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6739a2
Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D. (1993). Cross‐cultural adaptation of health‐related quality of life measures: Literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 46(12), 1417–1432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895‐4356(93)90142‐n
Hamama, L., & Itzhaki, M. (2023). Coping with fibromyalgia – A focus group study. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well‐Being, 18(1), 2204622. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2023.2204622
Hausmann, L. R. M., Youk, A., Kwoh, C. K., Ibrahim, S. A., Hannon, M. J., Weiner, D. K., Gallagher, R. M., & Parks, A. (2017). Testing a positive psychological intervention for osteoarthritis. Pain Medicine, 18(10), 1908–1920. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnx141
Hedman‐Lagerlöf, M., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Engelbrektsson, J., Lundbäck, K., Björkander, D., Hedman‐Lagerlöf, E., Flink, I., & Axelsson, E. (2023). Effect moderators in internet‐based exposure therapy for fibromyalgia: The role of pain intensity. European Journal of Pain, 27(4), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.2074
Hinch, R. (2023). The role of coping and gratitude in the wellbeing of those with rheumatoid arthritis [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Sheffield]. White Rose eTheses Online. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/33403
Hirsch, J. K., Altier, H. R., Offenbächer, M., Toussaint, L., Kohls, N., & Sirois, F. M. (2021). Positive psychological factors and impairment in rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease: Do psychopathology and sleep quality explain the linkage? Arthritis Care & Research, 73(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24440
Horton, C. J., Walsh, L. C., Rodriguez, A., & Kaufman, V. A. (2024). The diversity of well‐being indicators: A latent profile analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1304074. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1304074
Hudecek, M. F. C., Blabst, N., Morgan, B., & Lermer, E. (2020). Measuring gratitude in Germany: Validation study of the German version of the gratitude questionnaire‐six item form (GQ‐6‐G) and the multi‐component gratitude measure (MCGM‐G). Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 590108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590108
Huppert, F. A., & Whittington, J. E. (2003). Evidence for the independence of positive and negative well‐being: Implications for quality of life assessment. British Journal of Health Psychology, 8(Pt 1), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910703762879246
Jans‐Beken, L., Jacobs, N., Janssens, M., Peeters, S., Reijnders, J., Lechner, L., & Lataster, J. (2020). Gratitude and health: An updated review. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(6), 743–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1651888
Jelsness‐Jørgensen, L. P., Moum, B., Grimstad, T., Jahnsen, J., Hovde, Ø., Frigstad, S. O., & Bernklev, T. (2022). The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI‐20): Psychometrical testing in a Norwegian sample of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2022.2029939
Karademas, E. C. (2007). Positive and negative aspects of well‐being: Common and specific predictors. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(2), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.031
Klein, E. M., Brähler, E., Dreier, M., Reinecke, L., Müller, K. W., Schmutzer, G., Wölfling, K., & Beutel, M. E. (2016). The German version of the perceived stress scale – Psychometric characteristics in a representative German community sample. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888‐016‐0875‐9
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2009). An ultra‐brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ‐4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613
Kunneman, M., Griffioen, I. P. M., Labrie, N. H. M., Kristiansen, M., Montori, V. M., van Beusekom, M. M., & Making Care Fit Working Group. (2023). Making care fit manifesto. BMJ Evidence‐Based Medicine, 28(1), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm‐2021‐111871
Kusurkar, R. A., Mak‐van der Vossen, M., Kors, J., Grijpma, J.‐W., van der Burgt, S. M. E., Koster, A. S., & de la Croix, A. (2021). ‘One size does not fit all’: The value of person‐centred analysis in health professions education research. Perspectives on Medical Education, 10(4), 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037‐020‐00633‐w
Lamers, S., Bolier, L., Westerhof, G., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2011). The impact of emotional well‐being on long‐term recovery and survival in physical illness: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 538–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865‐011‐9379‐8
Larsson, B., Dragioti, E., Gerdle, B., & Björk, J. (2019). Positive psychological well‐being predicts lower severe pain in the general population: A 2‐year follow‐up study of the SwePain cohort. Annals of General Psychiatry, 18(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991‐019‐0231‐9
Laursen, B., & Hoff, E. (2006). Person‐centered and variable‐centered approaches to longitudinal data. Merrill‐Palmer Quarterly, 52(3), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2006.0029
Lazić, M., Jovanović, V., Gavrilov‐Jerković, V., & Boyda, D. (2021). A person‐centered evaluation of subjective well‐being using a latent profile analysis: Associations with negative life events, distress, and emotion regulation strategies. Stress and Health, 37(5), 962–972. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3056
Lee, Y. R., & Enright, R. D. (2014). A forgiveness intervention for women with fibromyalgia who were abused in childhood: A pilot study. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 1(3), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000025
Lönnqvist, J.‐E., Paunonen, S., Verkasalo, M., Leikas, S., Tuulio‐Henriksson, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2007). Personality characteristics of research volunteers. European Journal of Personality, 21(8), 1017–1030. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.655
Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., Schneider, A., & Brähler, E. (2010). A 4‐item measure of depression and anxiety: Validation and standardization of the patient health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122(1–2), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019
Masi, A. T., White, K. P., & Pilcher, J. J. (2002). Person‐centered approach to care, teaching, and research in fibromyalgia syndrome: Justification from biopsychosocial perspectives in populations. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 32(2), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.1053/sarh.2002.33717
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022‐3514.82.1.112
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables. User's guide (version 8).
Ng, M. Y., & Wong, W. S. (2013). The differential effects of gratitude and sleep on psychological distress in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(2), 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312439733
Offenbächer, M., Dezutter, J., Kohls, N., Sigl, C., Vallejo, M. A., Rivera, J., Bauerdorf, F., Schelling, J., Vincent, A., Hirsch, J. K., Sirois, F. M., Webb, J. R., & Toussaint, L. L. (2017). Struggling with adversities of life: The role of forgiveness in patients suffering from fibromyalgia. Clinical Journal of Pain, 33(6), 526–534. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000432
Offenbächer, M., Dezutter, J., Vallejo, M., & Toussaint, L. (2015). The role of forgiveness in chronic pain and fibromyalgia. In L. Toussaint, E. L. Worthington, Jr., & D. R. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and health: Scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 123–137). Springer Science + Business Media.
Ovayolu, N., Ovayolu, O., & Karadag, G. (2011). Health‐related quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison with a selected sample of healthy individuals. Clinical Rheumatology, 30, 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067‐010‐1604‐2
Piccinni, A., Bazzichi, L., Marazziti, D., Veltri, A., Bombardieri, S., Conversano, C., Ciapparelli, A., & Dell'Osso, L. (2011). Subthreshold mood symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 29(6 Supl 69), S55–S59.
Rabin, R., & de Charro, F. (2001). EQ‐5D: A measure of health status from the EuroQol group. Annals of Medicine, 33(5), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890109002087
Redeker, I., Hoffmann, F., Callhoff, J., Haibel, H., Sieper, J., Zink, A., & Poddubnyy, D. (2018). Determinants of psychological well‐being in axial spondyloarthritis: An analysis based on linked claims and patient‐reported survey data. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 77(7), 1017–1024. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis‐2017‐212629
Ristic, B., Carletto, A., Fracassi, E., Pacenza, G., Zanetti, G., Pistillo, F., Cristofalo, D., Bixio, R., Bonetto, C., & Tosato, S. (2023). Comparison and potential determinants of health‐related quality of life among rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondyloarthritis: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 175, 111512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111512
Ruggeri, K., Garcia‐Garzon, E., Maguire, Á., Matz, S., & Huppert, F. A. (2020). Well‐being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: A multidimensional analysis of 21 countries. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18, 192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955‐020‐01423‐y
Rzeszutek, M., Gruszczyńska, E., & Firląg‐Burkacka, E. (2019). Socio‐medical and personality correlates of psychological well‐being among people living with HIV: A latent profile analysis. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14, 1113–1127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482‐018‐9640‐1
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2010). Gratitude and well being: The benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry, 7(11), 18–22.
Schwarz, R., Krauss, O., & Hinz, A. (2003). Fatigue in the general population. Onkologie, 26(2), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000069834
Sheridan, R., Martin‐Kerry, J., Hudson, J., Parker, A., Bower, P., & Knapp, P. (2020). Why do patients take part in research? An overview of systematic reviews of psychosocial barriers and facilitators. Trials, 21, 259. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063‐020‐4197‐3
Siracusa, R., Paola, R. D., Cuzzocrea, S., & Impellizzeri, D. (2021). Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment options update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(8), 3891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083891
Sirois, F. M., & Wood, A. M. (2017). Gratitude uniquely predicts lower depression in chronic illness populations: A longitudinal study of inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis. Health Psychology, 36(2), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000436
Smets, E. M., Garssen, B., Bonke, B., & De Haes, J. C. (1995). The multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(3), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022‐3999(94)00125‐o
Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., Wang, M., Valero, D., & Kauffeld, S. (2020). Latent profile analysis: A review and “how to” guide of its application within vocational behavior research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 103445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103445
Stark, R. G., Reitmeir, P., Leidl, R., & König, H. H. (2010). Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the EQ‐5D in inflammatory bowel disease in Germany. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 16(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20989
Swain, N., Thompson, B. L., Gallagher, S., Paddison, J., & Mercer, S. (2020). Gratitude enhanced mindfulness (GEM): A pilot study of an internet‐delivered programme for self‐management of pain and disability in people with arthritis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(3), 420–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1627397
Tan, Z., Liang, Y., Liu, S., Cao, W., Tu, H., Guo, L., & Xu, Y. (2013). Health‐related quality of life as measured with EQ‐5D among populations with and without specific chronic conditions: A population‐based survey in Shaanxi Province, China. PLoS One, 8(7), e65958. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065958
Tander, B., Cengiz, K., Alayli, G., Ilhanli, I., Canbaz, S., & Canturk, F. (2008). A comparative evaluation of health related quality of life and depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International, 28(9), 859–865. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296‐008‐0551‐6
Tarannum, S., Leung, Y.‐Y., Johnson, S. R., Widdifield, J., Strand, V., Rochon, P., & Eder, L. (2022). Sex‐ and gender‐related differences in psoriatic arthritis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 18(9), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584‐022‐00810‐7
Tein, J. Y., Coxe, S., & Cham, H. (2013). Statistical power to detect the correct number of classes in latent profile analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 20(4), 640–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2013.824781
Toussaint, L., Overvold‐Ronningen, M., Vincent, A., Luedtke, C., Whipple, M., Schriever, T., & Luskin, F. (2010). Implications of forgiveness enhancement in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 16(3–4), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2010.492713
Toussaint, L., Sirios, F., Hirsch, J., Weber, A., Vajda, C., Schelling, J., Kohls, N., & Offenbächer, M. (2017). Gratitude mediates quality of life differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Quality of Life Research, 26(9), 2449–2457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136‐017‐1604‐7
Toussaint, L., Sirois, F., Hirsch, J., Kohls, N., Weber, A., Schelling, J., Vajda, C., & Offenbächer, M. (2019). Anger rumination mediates differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on mental health and quality of life. Personality and Mental Health, 13(3), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1445
Toussaint, L. L., Skalski‐Bednarz, S. B., Lanoix, J. P., Konaszewski, K., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2023). The relationship between forgiveness and health outcomes among people living with HIV: A cross‐sectional study in France. AIDS and Behavior, 27(10), 3332–3341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461‐023‐04052‐w
Toussaint, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson, S. A. (2001). Forgiveness and health: Age differences in a U.S. probability sample. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011394629736
Vallejo, M. A., Vallejo‐Slocker, L., Rivera, J., Dezutter, J., & Toussaint, L. (2020). Self‐forgiveness in fibromyalgia patients and its relationship with acceptance, catastrophising and coping. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 38(Suppl 123(1)), S79–S85.
Vincent, A., Benzo, R. P., Whipple, M. O., McAllister, S. J., Erwin, P. J., & Saligan, L. N. (2013). Beyond pain in fibromyalgia: Insights into the symptom of fatigue. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 15, 221. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4395
Westenberger, A., Nöhre, M., Brähler, E., Morfeld, M., & de Zwaan, M. (2022). Psychometric properties, factor structure, and German population norms of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI‐20). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1062426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1062426
Wettstein, M., Eich, W., Bieber, C., & Tesarz, J. (2019). Profiles of subjective well‐being in patients with chronic back pain: Contrasting subjective and objective correlates. Pain Medicine, 20(4), 668–680. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny162
Wicke, F. S., Krakau, L., Löwe, B., Beutel, M. E., & Brähler, E. (2022). Update of the standardization of the patient health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 312, 310–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.054
Wolfe, F., Walitt, B., Perrot, S., Rasker, J. J., & Häuser, W. (2018). Fibromyalgia diagnosis and biased assessment: Sex, prevalence and bias. PLoS One, 13(9), e0203755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203755
Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. (2010). Gratitude and well‐being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 890–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005