Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.


Journal

Signal transduction and targeted therapy
ISSN: 2059-3635
Titre abrégé: Signal Transduct Target Ther
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101676423

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
28 Aug 2024
Historique:
received: 01 04 2024
accepted: 01 08 2024
revised: 02 07 2024
medline: 31 8 2024
pubmed: 31 8 2024
entrez: 28 8 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), the formation of TLSs relies on the interaction between lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, involving multiple cytokines. Heterogeneity is a distinguishing feature of TLSs, which may lead to differences in their functions. Growing evidence suggests that TLSs are associated with various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, chronic inflammation, infection, and even ageing. However, the detailed mechanisms behind these clinical associations are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which TLS maturation and localization affect immune function are also unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular level, which may allow us to utilize them to improve the immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the composition, formation mechanism, associations with diseases, and potential therapeutic applications of TLSs. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of TLSs, such as their role as markers of therapeutic response and prognosis. Finally, we summarize various methods for detecting and targeting TLSs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive understanding of TLSs and aim to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39198425
doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01947-5
pii: 10.1038/s41392-024-01947-5
doi:

Substances chimiques

Cytokines 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

225

Subventions

Organisme : Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation)
ID : ZR2021MH353

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Gago da Graça, C., van Baarsen, L. G. M. & Mebius, R. E. Tertiary lymphoid structures: diversity in their development, composition, and role. J. Immunol. 206, 273–281 (2021).
pubmed: 33397741 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000873
Schumacher, T. N. & Thommen, D. S. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer. Science 375, eabf9419 (2022).
pubmed: 34990248 doi: 10.1126/science.abf9419
Hsiao, H. M. et al. The role of lymphoid neogenesis in allografts. Am. J. Transplant. 16, 1079–1085 (2016).
pubmed: 26614734 doi: 10.1111/ajt.13645
Salomonsson, S. et al. Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 3187–3201 (2003).
pubmed: 14613282 doi: 10.1002/art.11311
Siliņa, K. et al. Germinal centers determine the prognostic relevance of tertiary lymphoid structures and are impaired by corticosteroids in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 78, 1308–1320 (2018).
pubmed: 29279354 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-1987
Helmink, B. A. et al. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature 577, 549–555 (2020).
pubmed: 31942075 pmcid: 8762581 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1922-8
Pitzalis, C., Jones, G. W., Bombardieri, M. & Jones, S. A. Ectopic lymphoid-like structures in infection, cancer and autoimmunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 447–462, (2014).
pubmed: 24948366 doi: 10.1038/nri3700
Koenig, A. & Thaunat, O. Lymphoid neogenesis and tertiary lymphoid organs in transplanted organs. Front Immunol. 7, 646 (2016).
pubmed: 28082981 pmcid: 5186756 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00646
Asam, S., Nayar, S., Gardner, D. & Barone, F. Stromal cells in tertiary lymphoid structures: architects of autoimmunity. Immunol. Rev. 302, 184–195 (2021).
pubmed: 34060101 doi: 10.1111/imr.12987
Barone, F. et al. Stromal fibroblasts in tertiary lymphoid structures: a novel target in chronic inflammation. Front Immunol. 7, 477 (2016).
pubmed: 27877173 pmcid: 5100680 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00477
Neyt, K. et al. Tertiary lymphoid organs in infection and autoimmunity. Trends Immunol. 33, 297–305 (2012).
pubmed: 22622061 pmcid: 7106385 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2012.04.006
Cabrita, R. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma. Nature 577, 561–565 (2020).
pubmed: 31942071 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1914-8
Hua, Y. et al. Cancer immunotherapies transition endothelial cells into HEVs that generate TCF1(+) T lymphocyte niches through a feed-forward loop. Cancer Cell. 40, 1600–1618.e1610 (2022).
pubmed: 36423635 pmcid: 9899876 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.11.002
Thommen, D. S. et al. A transcriptionally and functionally distinct PD-1(+) CD8(+) T cell pool with predictive potential in non-small-cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 blockade. Nat. Med. 24, 994–1004 (2018).
pubmed: 29892065 pmcid: 6110381 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0057-z
Garaud, S. et al. Antigen specificity and clinical significance of IgG and IgA autoantibodies produced in situ by tumor-infiltrating B cells in breast cancer. Front Immunol. 9, 2660 (2018).
pubmed: 30515157 pmcid: 6255822 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02660
Ruffin, A. T. et al. B cell signatures and tertiary lymphoid structures contribute to outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 12, 3349 (2021).
pubmed: 34099645 pmcid: 8184766 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23355-x
Dieu-Nosjean, M. C. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer and beyond. Trends Immunol. 35, 571–580 (2014).
pubmed: 25443495 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.09.006
Petitprez, F. et al. B cells are associated with survival and immunotherapy response in sarcoma. Nature 577, 556–560 (2020).
pubmed: 31942077 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1906-8
Calderaro, J. et al. Intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with a low risk of early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 70, 58–65 (2019).
pubmed: 30213589 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.003
Serafini, B. et al. Dysregulated Epstein-Barr virus infection in the multiple sclerosis brain. J. Exp. Med. 204, 2899–2912 (2007).
pubmed: 17984305 pmcid: 2118531 doi: 10.1084/jem.20071030
Manzo, A., Bombardieri, M., Humby, F. & Pitzalis, C. Secondary and ectopic lymphoid tissue responses in rheumatoid arthritis: from inflammation to autoimmunity and tissue damage/remodeling. Immunol. Rev. 233, 267–285 (2010).
pubmed: 20193005 doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00861.x
Thaunat, O. Pathophysiologic significance of B-cell clusters in chronically rejected grafts. Transplantation 92, 121–126 (2011).
pubmed: 21555973 doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31821f74fe
Ziff, M. Heberden Oration, 1964. some immunologic aspects of the connective tissue diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 24, 103–115 (1965).
pubmed: 14293669 pmcid: 1010385 doi: 10.1136/ard.24.2.103
Hjelmström, P. Lymphoid neogenesis: de novo formation of lymphoid tissue in chronic inflammation through expression of homing chemokines. J. Leukoc. Biol. 69, 331–339, (2001).
pubmed: 11261778 doi: 10.1189/jlb.69.3.331
Söderström, N., & Blörklund, A. Organization of the invading lymphoid tissue in human lymphoid thyroiditis. Scand. J. Immunol. 3, 295–301 (1974).
Picker, L. J. & Butcher, E. C. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte homing. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 10, 561–591 (1992).
pubmed: 1590996 doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.003021
Kratz, A., Campos-Neto, A., Hanson, M. S. & Ruddle, N. H. Chronic inflammation caused by lymphotoxin is lymphoid neogenesis. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1461–1472 (1996).
pubmed: 8666904 doi: 10.1084/jem.183.4.1461
Tang, H., Zhu, M., Qiao, J. & Fu, Y. X. Lymphotoxin signalling in tertiary lymphoid structures and immunotherapy. Cell Mol. Immunol. 14, 809–818 (2017).
pubmed: 28413217 pmcid: 5649108 doi: 10.1038/cmi.2017.13
Wagner, U. G. et al. The role of CD8+ CD40L+ T cells in the formation of germinal centers in rheumatoid synovitis. J. Immunol. 161, 6390–6397 (1998).
pubmed: 9834130 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.11.6390
Takemura, S. et al. T cell activation in rheumatoid synovium is B cell dependent. J. Immunol. 167, 4710–4718 (2001).
pubmed: 11591802 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4710
Figenschau, S. L. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with higher tumor grade in primary operable breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 15, 101 (2015).
pubmed: 25884667 pmcid: 4357183 doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1116-1
Liao, S. et al. Transgenic LacZ under control of Hec-6st regulatory sequences recapitulates endogenous gene expression on high endothelial venules. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4577–4582 (2007).
pubmed: 17360566 pmcid: 1838643 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0700334104
Weyand, C. M., Kang, Y. M., Kurtin, P. J. & Goronzy, J. J. The power of the third dimension: tissue architecture and autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 15, 259–266 (2003).
pubmed: 12707579 doi: 10.1097/00002281-200305000-00013
Dieu-Nosjean, M. C. et al. Long-term survival for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with intratumoral lymphoid structures. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 4410–4417 (2008).
pubmed: 18802153 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.0284
Giraldo, N. A. et al. Orchestration and prognostic significance of immune checkpoints in the microenvironment of primary and metastatic renal cell cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 3031–3040 (2015).
pubmed: 25688160 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2926
Johansson-Percival, A. et al. De novo induction of intratumoral lymphoid structures and vessel normalization enhances immunotherapy in resistant tumors. Nat. Immunol. 18, 1207–1217 (2017).
pubmed: 28892469 doi: 10.1038/ni.3836
Savas, P. et al. Single-cell profiling of breast cancer T cells reveals a tissue-resident memory subset associated with improved prognosis. Nat. Med. 24, 986–993 (2018).
pubmed: 29942092 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0078-7
Vanhersecke, L. et al. Mature tertiary lymphoid structures predict immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in solid tumors independently of PD-L1 expression. Nat. Cancer 2, 794–802 (2021).
pubmed: 35118423 pmcid: 8809887 doi: 10.1038/s43018-021-00232-6
Wang, Y. et al. Tumor mutational burden related classifier is predictive of response to PD-L1 blockade in locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol. 87, 106818 (2020).
pubmed: 32738594 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106818
Rossi, A. et al. Stromal and immune cell dynamics in tumor associated tertiary lymphoid structures and anti-tumor immune responses. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 10, 933113 (2022).
pubmed: 35874810 pmcid: 9304551 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933113
Nayar, S. et al. Immunofibroblasts are pivotal drivers of tertiary lymphoid structure formation and local pathology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 13490–13497 (2019).
pubmed: 31213547 pmcid: 6613169 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905301116
Chen, Z. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 11, 5077 (2020).
pubmed: 33033240 pmcid: 7545162 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18916-5
Rodriguez, A. B. et al. Immune mechanisms orchestrate tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors via cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Rep. 36, 109422 (2021).
pubmed: 34289373 pmcid: 8362934 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109422
Lauss, M., Donia, M., Svane, I. M. & Jönsson, G. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures: friends or foes in cancer immunotherapy? Clin. Cancer Res. 28, 1751–1758 (2022).
pubmed: 34965949 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-1130
Aguzzi, A., Kranich, J. & Krautler, N. J. Follicular dendritic cells: origin, phenotype, and function in health and disease. Trends Immunol. 35, 105–113, (2014).
pubmed: 24315719 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2013.11.001
Muñoz-Fernández, R. et al. Follicular dendritic cells are related to bone marrow stromal cell progenitors and to myofibroblasts. J. Immunol. 177, 280–289 (2006).
pubmed: 16785523 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.280
Krautler, N. J. et al. Follicular dendritic cells emerge from ubiquitous perivascular precursors. Cell 150, 194–206 (2012).
pubmed: 22770220 pmcid: 3704230 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.032
Heesters, B. A., Myers, R. C. & Carroll, M. C. Follicular dendritic cells: dynamic antigen libraries. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 495–504 (2014).
pubmed: 24948364 doi: 10.1038/nri3689
Batista, F. D. & Harwood, N. E. The who, how and where of antigen presentation to B cells. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 15–27 (2009).
pubmed: 19079135 doi: 10.1038/nri2454
Van den Berg, T. K. et al. Selective inhibition of immune complex trapping by follicular dendritic cells with monoclonal antibodies against rat C3. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 957–962 (1992).
pubmed: 1551408 doi: 10.1002/eji.1830220412
Ciccia, F. et al. Ectopic expression of CXCL13, BAFF, APRIL and LT-β is associated with artery tertiary lymphoid organs in giant cell arteritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, 235–243 (2017).
pubmed: 27098405 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209217
El Shikh, M. E. et al. Activation of B cells by antigens on follicular dendritic cells. Trends Immunol. 31, 205–211 (2010).
pubmed: 20418164 pmcid: 2886728 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2010.03.002
Lehmann-Horn, K. et al. B cell repertoire expansion occurs in meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue. JCI Insight 1, e87234 (2016).
pubmed: 27942581 pmcid: 5135275 doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.87234
Fridman, W. H. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells: an intratumoral immunity cycle. Immunity 56, 2254–2269 (2023).
pubmed: 37699391 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.009
Bombardieri, M., Lewis, M. & Pitzalis, C. Ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 13, 141–154 (2017).
pubmed: 28202919 doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.217
Sato, Y. et al. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 19, 525–537 (2023).
pubmed: 37046081 doi: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z
Kim, S. S. et al. B cells improve overall survival in HPV-associated squamous cell carcinomas and are activated by radiation and PD-1 blockade. Clin. Cancer Res. 26, 3345–3359 (2020).
pubmed: 32193227 pmcid: 7334097 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3211
Wieland, A. et al. Defining HPV-specific B cell responses in patients with head and neck cancer. Nature 597, 274–278 (2021).
pubmed: 33208941 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2931-3
Germain, C. et al. Presence of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures is associated with a protective immunity in patients with lung cancer. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 189, 832–844 (2014).
pubmed: 24484236 doi: 10.1164/rccm.201309-1611OC
Montfort, A. et al. A strong B-cell response is part of the immune landscape in human high-grade serous ovarian metastases. Clin. Cancer Res. 23, 250–262 (2017).
pubmed: 27354470 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0081
Hu, Q. et al. Atlas of breast cancer infiltrated B-lymphocytes revealed by paired single-cell RNA-sequencing and antigen receptor profiling. Nat. Commun. 12, 2186 (2021).
pubmed: 33846305 pmcid: 8042001 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22300-2
Huibers, M. M. et al. The composition of ectopic lymphoid structures suggests involvement of a local immune response in cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 34, 734–745 (2015).
pubmed: 25655346 doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.11.022
Lucchesi, D. & Bombardieri, M. The role of viruses in autoreactive B cell activation within tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases. J. Leukoc. Biol. 94, 1191–1199, (2013).
pubmed: 23812327 doi: 10.1189/jlb.0413240
Humby, F. et al. Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium. PLoS Med. 6, e1 (2009).
pubmed: 19143467 pmcid: 2621263 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0060001
Rosser, E. C. & Mauri, C. Regulatory B cells: origin, phenotype, and function. Immunity 42, 607–612 (2015).
pubmed: 25902480 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.005
de Jonge, K. et al. Inflammatory B cells correlate with failure to checkpoint blockade in melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 10, 1873585 (2021).
pubmed: 33643691 pmcid: 7872097 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2021.1873585
Bao, J., Betzler, A. C., Hess, J. & Brunner, C. Exploring the dual role of B cells in solid tumors: implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front. Immunol. 14, 1233085 (2023).
pubmed: 37868967 pmcid: 10586314 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233085
Wei, X. et al. Regulatory B cells contribute to the impaired antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer patients. Tumour Biol. 37, 6581–6588 (2016).
pubmed: 26638169 doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-4538-0
Olkhanud, P. B. et al. Tumor-evoked regulatory B cells promote breast cancer metastasis by converting resting CD4
pubmed: 21444674 pmcid: 3096701 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4316
Mirlekar, B. et al. B cell-derived IL35 drives STAT3-dependent CD8(+) T-cell exclusion in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Immunol. Res. 8, 292–308 (2020).
pubmed: 32024640 pmcid: 7056532 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-19-0349
Kessel, A. et al. Human CD19(+)CD25(high) B regulatory cells suppress proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and enhance Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression in T-regulatory cells. Autoimmun. Rev. 11, 670–677 (2012).
pubmed: 22155204 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.11.018
Wu, H. et al. PD-L1(+) regulatory B cells act as a T cell suppressor in a PD-L1-dependent manner in melanoma patients with bone metastasis. Mol. Immunol. 119, 83–91 (2020).
pubmed: 32001420 doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.008
Moulin, V. et al. B lymphocytes regulate dendritic cell (DC) function in vivo: increased interleukin 12 production by DCs from B cell-deficient mice results in T helper cell type 1 deviation. J. Exp. Med. 192, 475–482 (2000).
pubmed: 10952717 pmcid: 2193241 doi: 10.1084/jem.192.4.475
Ohm, B. & Jungraithmayr, W. B cell immunity in lung transplant rejection - effector mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol. 13, 845867 (2022).
pubmed: 35320934 pmcid: 8934882 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845867
Newell, K. A., Adams, A. B. & Turka, L. A. Biomarkers of operational tolerance following kidney transplantation—the immune tolerance network studies of spontaneously tolerant kidney transplant recipients. Hum. Immunol. 79, 380–387 (2018).
pubmed: 29448053 pmcid: 5924709 doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.02.007
Guinn, M. T. et al. Intragraft B cell differentiation during the development of tolerance to kidney allografts is associated with a regulatory B cell signature revealed by single cell transcriptomics. Am. J. Transplant. 23, 1319–1330 (2023).
pubmed: 37295719 doi: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.036
Gunderson, A. J. et al. Germinal center reactions in tertiary lymphoid structures associate with neoantigen burden, humoral immunity and long-term survivorship in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 10, 1900635 (2021).
pmcid: 7993148 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2021.1900635
Amaria, R. N. et al. Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in high-risk resectable melanoma. Nat. Med. 24, 1649–1654 (2018).
pubmed: 30297909 pmcid: 6481682 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0197-1
Becht, E. et al. Immune contexture, immunoscore, and malignant cell molecular subgroups for prognostic and theranostic classifications of cancers. Adv. Immunol. 130, 95–190 (2016).
pubmed: 26923001 doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.12.002
Nielsen, J. S. & Nelson, B. H. Tumor-infiltrating B cells and T cells: Working together to promote patient survival. Oncoimmunology 1, 1623–1625 (2012).
pubmed: 23264915 pmcid: 3525624 doi: 10.4161/onci.21650
Wennhold, K. et al. CD86(+) antigen-presenting B cells are increased in cancer, localize in tertiary lymphoid structures, and induce specific T-cell responses. Cancer Immunol. Res. 9, 1098–1108 (2021).
pubmed: 34155067 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0949
Kinker, G. S. et al. B cell orchestration of anti-tumor immune responses: a matter of cell localization and communication. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 678127 (2021).
pubmed: 34164398 pmcid: 8215448 doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678127
Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A. et al. Antigen-presenting human B cells are expanded in inflammatory conditions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 101, 577–587 (2017).
pubmed: 27534894 doi: 10.1189/jlb.5A0416-182R
Jiang, J. et al. Tumour-infiltrating immune cell-based subtyping and signature gene analysis in breast cancer based on gene expression profiles. J. Cancer 11, 1568–1583 (2020).
pubmed: 32047563 pmcid: 6995381 doi: 10.7150/jca.37637
Chen, J. et al. Single-cell transcriptome and antigen-immunoglobin analysis reveals the diversity of B cells in non-small cell lung cancer. Genome Biol. 21, 152 (2020).
pubmed: 32580738 pmcid: 7315523 doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02064-6
Griss, J. et al. B cells sustain inflammation and predict response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Nat. Commun. 10, 4186 (2019).
pubmed: 31519915 pmcid: 6744450 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12160-2
Welshman, M. D. Doped dobermann. Vet. Rec. 119, 512 (1986).
pubmed: 3811157 doi: 10.1136/vr.119.20.512
Parga-Vidal, L., van Aalderen, M. C., Stark, R. & van Gisbergen, K. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 18, 209–223 (2022).
pubmed: 35079143 doi: 10.1038/s41581-021-00525-0
Mori, T. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures show infiltration of effective tumor-resident T cells in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci. 112, 1746–1757 (2021).
pubmed: 33735485 pmcid: 8088970 doi: 10.1111/cas.14888
Mackay, L. K. et al. The developmental pathway for CD103(+)CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells of skin. Nat. Immunol. 14, 1294–1301 (2013).
pubmed: 24162776 doi: 10.1038/ni.2744
Zhao, H. et al. Tumor-resident T cells, associated with tertiary lymphoid structure maturity, improve survival in patients with stage III lung adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol. 13, 877689 (2022).
pubmed: 35663939 pmcid: 9161276 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877689
Simoni, Y. et al. Bystander CD8(+) T cells are abundant and phenotypically distinct in human tumour infiltrates. Nature 557, 575–579 (2018).
pubmed: 29769722 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0130-2
Paijens, S. T., Vledder, A., de Bruyn, M. & Nijman, H. W. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy era. Cell Mol. Immunol. 18, 842–859 (2021).
pubmed: 33139907 doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00565-9
Corgnac, S. et al. Cancer stem-like cells evade CD8(+)CD103(+) tumor-resident memory T (T(RM)) lymphocytes by initiating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program in a human lung tumor model. J. Immunother Cancer 10, e004527 (2022).
pubmed: 35418483 pmcid: 9014106 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004527
Oja, A. E. et al. Functional heterogeneity of CD4(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with a resident memory phenotype in NSCLC. Front. Immunol. 9, 2654 (2018).
pubmed: 30505306 pmcid: 6250821 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02654
Workel, H. H. et al. A transcriptionally distinct CXCL13(+)CD103(+)CD8(+) T-cell population is associated with B-cell recruitment and neoantigen load in human cancer. Cancer Immunol. Res. 7, 784–796 (2019).
pubmed: 30872264 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0517
Djenidi, F. et al. CD8+CD103+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are tumor-specific tissue-resident memory T cells and a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer patients. J. Immunol. 194, 3475–3486 (2015).
pubmed: 25725111 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402711
Tokunaga, R. et al. B cell and B cell-related pathways for novel cancer treatments. Cancer Treat. Rev. 73, 10–19 (2019).
pubmed: 30551036 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.12.001
Vlaming, M. et al. Tumor infiltrating CD8/CD103/TIM-3-expressing lymphocytes in epithelial ovarian cancer co-express CXCL13 and associate with improved survival. Front. Immunol. 13, 1031746 (2022).
pubmed: 36341460 pmcid: 9633842 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031746
Koppensteiner, L. et al. Location of CD39(+) T cell subpopulations within tumors predict differential outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. J. Immunother. Cancer 11, e006770 (2023).
pubmed: 37648263 pmcid: 10471883 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006770
Peng, Y. et al. Single-cell profiling of tumor-infiltrating TCF1/TCF7(+) T cells reveals a T lymphocyte subset associated with tertiary lymphoid structures/organs and a superior prognosis in oral cancer. Oral. Oncol. 119, 105348 (2021).
pubmed: 34044317 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105348
Rong, H. et al. Correlation between TCF7(+) T cells and prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 12, 782058 (2022).
pubmed: 35345446 pmcid: 8957207 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.782058
Im, S. J. et al. Characteristics and anatomic location of PD-1(+)TCF1(+) stem-like CD8 T cells in chronic viral infection and cancer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2221985120 (2023).
pubmed: 37782797 pmcid: 10576122 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2221985120
Zhang, J., Lyu, T., Cao, Y. & Feng, H. Role of TCF-1 in differentiation, exhaustion, and memory of CD8(+) T cells: a review. FASEB j. 35, e21549 (2021).
pubmed: 33913198
Raghu, D., Xue, H. H. & Mielke, L. A. Control of Lymphocyte Fate, Infection, and Tumor Immunity by TCF-1. Trends Immunol. 40, 1149–1162 (2019).
pubmed: 31734149 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2019.10.006
Robinson, M. H. et al. Subtype and grade-dependent spatial heterogeneity of T-cell infiltration in pediatric glioma. J. Immunother. Cancer 8, e001066 (2020).
pubmed: 32788236 pmcid: 7422651 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001066
Sato, Y. et al. Stem-like CD4(+) T cells in perivascular tertiary lymphoid structures sustain autoimmune vasculitis. Sci. Transl. Med. 15, eadh0380 (2023).
pubmed: 37672564 pmcid: 11131576 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh0380
Hudson, W. H. et al. Proliferating transitory T cells with an effector-like transcriptional signature emerge from PD-1(+) stem-like CD8(+) T cells during chronic infection. Immunity 51, 1043–1058.e1044 (2019).
pubmed: 31810882 pmcid: 6920571 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.002
Siddiqui, I. et al. Intratumoral Tcf1(+)PD-1(+)CD8(+) T cells with stem-like properties promote tumor control in response to vaccination and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Immunity 50, 195–211.e110 (2019).
pubmed: 30635237 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.021
Couillault, C., Germain, C., Dubois, B. & Kaplon, H. Identification of tertiary lymphoid structure-associated follicular helper T cells in human tumors and tissues. Methods Mol. Biol. 1845, 205–222 (2018).
pubmed: 30141015 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8709-2_12
Panneton, V. et al. ICOS costimulation is indispensable for the differentiation of T follicular regulatory cells. Life Sci Alliance. 6, e202201615 (2023).
pubmed: 36754569 pmcid: 9909462 doi: 10.26508/lsa.202201615
Wan, S. et al. Costimulation molecules differentially regulate the ERK-Zfp831 axis to shape T follicular helper cell differentiation. Immunity 54, 2740–2755.e2746 (2021).
pubmed: 34644536 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.018
Chaurio, R. A. et al. TGF-β-mediated silencing of genomic organizer SATB1 promotes Tfh cell differentiation and formation of intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Immunity 55, 115–128.e119 (2022).
pubmed: 35021053 pmcid: 8852221 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.007
Nadeau, S. & Martins, G. A. Conserved and unique functions of blimp1 in immune cells. Front. Immunol. 12, 805260 (2021).
pubmed: 35154079 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.805260
Johnston, R. J. et al. Bcl6 and Blimp-1 are reciprocal and antagonistic regulators of T follicular helper cell differentiation. Science 325, 1006–1010 (2009).
pubmed: 19608860 pmcid: 2766560 doi: 10.1126/science.1175870
Choi, J. & Crotty, S. Bcl6-mediated transcriptional regulation of follicular helper T cells (T(FH)). Trends Immunol. 42, 336–349 (2021).
pubmed: 33663954 pmcid: 8021443 doi: 10.1016/j.it.2021.02.002
Nurieva, R. I. et al. Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells. Science 325, 1001–1005 (2009).
pubmed: 19628815 pmcid: 2857334 doi: 10.1126/science.1176676
Seth, A. et al. AP-1-independent NFAT signaling maintains follicular T cell function in infection and autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 220, e20211110 (2023).
pubmed: 36820828 pmcid: 9998660 doi: 10.1084/jem.20211110
Deng, J. et al. T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in rheumatic diseases. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 15, 475–490 (2019).
pubmed: 31289377 doi: 10.1038/s41584-019-0254-2
Overacre-Delgoffe, A. E. et al. Microbiota-specific T follicular helper cells drive tertiary lymphoid structures and anti-tumor immunity against colorectal cancer. Immunity 54, 2812–2824.e2814 (2021).
pubmed: 34861182 pmcid: 8865366 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.003
Gonzalez, D. G. et al. Nonredundant roles of IL-21 and IL-4 in the phased initiation of germinal center B cells and subsequent self-renewal transitions. J. Immunol. 201, 3569–3579 (2018).
pubmed: 30446568 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500497
Linterman, M. A. et al. IL-21 acts directly on B cells to regulate Bcl-6 expression and germinal center responses. J. Exp. Med. 207, 353–363 (2010).
pubmed: 20142429 pmcid: 2822609 doi: 10.1084/jem.20091738
Zotos, D. et al. IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 207, 365–378 (2010).
pubmed: 20142430 pmcid: 2822601 doi: 10.1084/jem.20091777
Aoyagi, R. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals granzyme K-expressing cytotoxic Tfh cells in tertiary lymphoid structures in IgG4-RD. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 153, 513–520.e510 (2024).
pubmed: 37652139 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.019
Yamaguchi, K. et al. Helper T cell-dominant tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with disease relapse of advanced colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 9, 1724763 (2020).
pubmed: 32117589 pmcid: 7028340 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2020.1724763
Hollern, D. P. et al. B cells and T follicular helper cells mediate response to checkpoint inhibitors in high mutation burden mouse models of breast cancer. Cell 179, 1191–1206.e1121 (2019).
pubmed: 31730857 pmcid: 6911685 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.028
Kawamoto, S. et al. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 regulates IgA selection and bacterial composition in the gut. Science 336, 485–489 (2012).
pubmed: 22539724 doi: 10.1126/science.1217718
Sánchez-Alonso, S. et al. A new role for circulating T follicular helper cells in humoral response to anti-PD-1 therapy. J. Immunother Cancer 8, e001187 (2020).
pubmed: 32900863 pmcid: 7478024 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001187
Schmetterer, K. G., Neunkirchner, A. & Pickl, W. F. Naturally occurring regulatory T cells: markers, mechanisms, and manipulation. FASEB J. 26, 2253–2276 (2012).
pubmed: 22362896 doi: 10.1096/fj.11-193672
Burzyn, D., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Regulatory T cells in nonlymphoid tissues. Nat. Immunol. 14, 1007–1013 (2013).
pubmed: 24048122 pmcid: 4708287 doi: 10.1038/ni.2683
Collison, L. W. et al. The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function. Nature 450, 566–569 (2007).
pubmed: 18033300 doi: 10.1038/nature06306
Woo, E. Y. et al. Cutting edge: regulatory T cells from lung cancer patients directly inhibit autologous T cell proliferation. J. Immunol. 168, 4272–4276 (2002).
pubmed: 11970966 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4272
Devi-Marulkar, P. et al. Regulatory T cells infiltrate the tumor-induced tertiary lymphoïd structures and are associated with poor clinical outcome in NSCLC. Commun. Biol. 5, 1416 (2022).
pubmed: 36566320 pmcid: 9789959 doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04356-y
Joshi, N. S. et al. TGF-β-mediated silencing of genomic organizer SATB1 promotes Tfh cell differentiation and formation of intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Immunity 43, 579–590 (2015).
pubmed: 26341400 pmcid: 4826619 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.08.006
Li, H., Lin, W. P., Zhang, Z. N. & Sun, Z. J. Tailoring biomaterials for monitoring and evoking tertiary lymphoid structures. Acta Biomater. 172, 1–15 (2023).
pubmed: 37739247 doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.028
Colbeck, E. J. et al. Treg depletion licenses T cell-driven HEV neogenesis and promotes tumor destruction. Cancer Immunol. Res. 5, 1005–1015 (2017).
pubmed: 28947544 pmcid: 5668144 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-17-0131
Han, D. et al. Microenvironmental network of clonal CXCL13+CD4+ T cells and Tregs in pemphigus chronic blisters. J. Clin. Investig. 133, e166357 (2023).
pubmed: 37815865 pmcid: 10688981 doi: 10.1172/JCI166357
Lu, Y. & Craft, J. T follicular regulatory cells: choreographers of productive germinal center responses. Front. Immunol. 12, 679909 (2021).
pubmed: 34177925 pmcid: 8222975 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679909
Eschweiler, S. et al. Intratumoral follicular regulatory T cells curtail anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Nat. Immunol. 22, 1052–1063 (2021).
pubmed: 34168370 pmcid: 8434898 doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-00958-6
Gonzalez-Figueroa, P. et al. Follicular regulatory T cells produce neuritin to regulate B cells. Cell 184, 1775–1789.e1719 (2021).
pubmed: 33711260 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.027
Sage, P. T., Francisco, L. M., Carman, C. V. & Sharpe, A. H. The receptor PD-1 controls follicular regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes and blood. Nat. Immunol. 14, 152–161 (2013).
pubmed: 23242415 doi: 10.1038/ni.2496
Linterman, M. A. et al. Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T cells control the germinal center response. Nat. Med. 17, 975–982 (2011).
pubmed: 21785433 pmcid: 3182542 doi: 10.1038/nm.2425
Yang, G. et al. Transcriptional repressor Blimp1 regulates follicular regulatory T-cell homeostasis and function. Immunology 153, 105–117 (2018).
pubmed: 28833081 doi: 10.1111/imm.12815
Song, H. et al. T follicular regulatory cells suppress Tfh-mediated B cell help and synergistically increase IL-10-producing B cells in breast carcinoma. Immunol. Res. 67, 416–423 (2019).
pubmed: 31440888 doi: 10.1007/s12026-019-09090-y
Miao, X. et al. The characteristics and novel clinical implications of CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T cells in breast cancer. Ann. Transl. Med. 9, 1332 (2021).
pubmed: 34532469 pmcid: 8422094 doi: 10.21037/atm-21-3848
Sage, P. T., Paterson, A. M., Lovitch, S. B. & Sharpe, A. H. The coinhibitory receptor CTLA-4 controls B cell responses by modulating T follicular helper, T follicular regulatory, and T regulatory cells. Immunity 41, 1026–1039 (2014).
pubmed: 25526313 pmcid: 4309019 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.005
Grogan, J. L. & Ouyang, W. A role for Th17 cells in the regulation of tertiary lymphoid follicles. Eur. J. Immunol. 42, 2255–2262, (2012).
pubmed: 22949324 doi: 10.1002/eji.201242656
Deteix, C. et al. Intragraft Th17 infiltrate promotes lymphoid neogenesis and hastens clinical chronic rejection. J. Immunol. 184, 5344–5351 (2010).
pubmed: 20357253 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902999
Rangel-Moreno, J. et al. The development of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue depends on IL-17. Nat. Immunol. 12, 639–646 (2011).
pubmed: 21666689 pmcid: 3520063 doi: 10.1038/ni.2053
Ahern, P. P. et al. Interleukin-23 drives intestinal inflammation through direct activity on T cells. Immunity 33, 279–288 (2010).
pubmed: 20732640 pmcid: 3078329 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.010
Hall, G. F. & Cohen, M. J. The pattern of dendritic sprouting and retraction induced by axotomy of lamprey central neurons. J. Neurosci. 8, 3584–3597, (1988).
pubmed: 3193172 pmcid: 6569585 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-10-03584.1988
Ling, Y. et al. The prognostic value and molecular properties of tertiary lymphoid structures in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin. Transl. Med. 12, e1074 (2022).
pubmed: 36245289 pmcid: 9574489 doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1074
Zhang, Y. et al. IL-22 promotes tumor growth of breast cancer cells in mice. Aging 12, 13354–13364 (2020).
pubmed: 32649314 pmcid: 7377855 doi: 10.18632/aging.103439
Yang, J., Sundrud, M. S., Skepner, J. & Yamagata, T. Targeting Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Trends Pharm. Sci. 35, 493–500 (2014).
pubmed: 25131183 doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.07.006
Knochelmann, H. M. et al. IL6 fuels durable memory for Th17 cell-mediated responses to tumors. Cancer Res. 80, 3920–3932 (2020).
pubmed: 32561531 pmcid: 7501223 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3685
Wang, J., Zhao, X. & Wan, Y. Y. Intricacies of TGF-β signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology. Cell Mol. Immunol. 20, 1002–1022 (2023).
pubmed: 37217798 pmcid: 10468540 doi: 10.1038/s41423-023-01036-7
Fasching, P. et al. Therapeutic potential of targeting the Th17/Treg axis in autoimmune disorders. Molecules 22, 134 (2017).
pubmed: 28098832 pmcid: 6155880 doi: 10.3390/molecules22010134
Coquet, J. M., Chakravarti, S., Smyth, M. J. & Godfrey, D. I. Cutting edge: IL-21 is not essential for Th17 differentiation or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 180, 7097–7101 (2008).
pubmed: 18490706 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7097
Zhao, X. et al. Th17 cell-derived amphiregulin promotes colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis through activation of mTOR and MEK in intestinal myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 164, 89–102 (2023).
pubmed: 36113570 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.006
Guedj, K. et al. M1 macrophages act as LTβR-independent lymphoid tissue inducer cells during atherosclerosis-related lymphoid neogenesis. Cardiovasc. Res. 101, 434–443 (2014).
pubmed: 24272771 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvt263
Jupelli, M. et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice induces chronic lung inflammation, iBALT formation, and fibrosis. PLoS One 8, e77447 (2013).
pubmed: 24204830 pmcid: 3808399 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077447
Wang, L. et al. Genomic properties and clinical outcomes associated with tertiary lymphoid structures in patients with breast cancer. Sci. Rep. 13, 13542 (2023).
pubmed: 37598257 pmcid: 10439954 doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40042-7
Koscsó, B. et al. Gut-resident CX3CR1(hi) macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ. Sci. Immunol. 5, eaax0062 (2020).
pubmed: 32276965 pmcid: 7296464 doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0062
Gunnarsdottir, F. B. et al. Breast cancer associated CD169(+) macrophages possess broad immunosuppressive functions but enhance antibody secretion by activated B cells. Front. Immunol. 14, 1180209 (2023).
pubmed: 37404831 pmcid: 10315498 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180209
Briem, O. et al. CD169(+) Macrophages in primary breast tumors associate with tertiary lymphoid structures, T(regs) and a worse prognosis for patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancers 15, 1262 (2023).
pubmed: 36831605 pmcid: 9954705 doi: 10.3390/cancers15041262
Bugatti, M. et al. A population of TIM4+FOLR2+ macrophages localized in tertiary lymphoid structures correlates to an active immune infiltrate across several cancer types. Cancer Immunol. Res. 10, 1340–1353 (2022).
pubmed: 36122412 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-22-0271
Chen, L. et al. The immunosuppressive niche of soft-tissue sarcomas is sustained by tumor-associated macrophages and characterized by intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Clin. Cancer Res. 26, 4018–4030 (2020).
pubmed: 32332015 pmcid: 8772618 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3416
Singh, S. et al. Chemotherapy coupled to macrophage inhibition induces T-cell and b-cell infiltration and durable regression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 82, 2281–2297 (2022).
pubmed: 35442423 pmcid: 9219596 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3714
Banchereau, J. & Palucka, A. K. Dendritic cells as therapeutic vaccines against cancer. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5, 296–306 (2005).
pubmed: 15803149 doi: 10.1038/nri1592
de Chaisemartin, L. et al. Characterization of chemokines and adhesion molecules associated with T cell presence in tertiary lymphoid structures in human lung cancer. Cancer Res. 71, 6391–6399 (2011).
pubmed: 21900403 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0952
Wu, S. Y. et al. CCL19(+) dendritic cells potentiate clinical benefit of anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Medicines 4, 373–393.e378 (2023).
Truxova, I. et al. Mature dendritic cells correlate with favorable immune infiltrate and improved prognosis in ovarian carcinoma patients. J. Immunother. Cancer 6, 139 (2018).
pubmed: 30526667 pmcid: 6288908 doi: 10.1186/s40425-018-0446-3
Li, Q. et al. Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structure and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int. J. Oral. Sci. 12, 24 (2020).
pubmed: 32934197 pmcid: 7493903 doi: 10.1038/s41368-020-00092-3
Marinkovic, T. et al. Interaction of mature CD3+CD4+ T cells with dendritic cells triggers the development of tertiary lymphoid structures in the thyroid. J. Clin. Investig. 116, 2622–2632 (2006).
pubmed: 16998590 pmcid: 1570377 doi: 10.1172/JCI28993.
Derks, S. et al. Characterizing diversity in the tumor-immune microenvironment of distinct subclasses of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Ann. Oncol. 31, 1011–1020 (2020).
pubmed: 32387455 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.011
Halle, S. et al. Induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue serves as a general priming site for T cells and is maintained by dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 206, 2593–2601 (2009).
pubmed: 19917776 pmcid: 2806625 doi: 10.1084/jem.20091472
GeurtsvanKessel, C. H. et al. Dendritic cells are crucial for maintenance of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung of influenza virus-infected mice. J. Exp. Med. 206, 2339–2349 (2009).
pubmed: 19808255 pmcid: 2768850 doi: 10.1084/jem.20090410
Naessens, T. et al. Human lung conventional dendritic cells orchestrate lymphoid neogenesis during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 202, 535–548 (2020).
pubmed: 32255375 doi: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1123OC
Richmond, B. W. et al. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells link localized secretory IgA deficiency to adaptive immune activation in COPD. Mucosal Immunol. 14, 431–442 (2021).
pubmed: 32968197 doi: 10.1038/s41385-020-00344-9
Kießler, M. et al. Tumor-infiltrating plasmacytoid dendritic cells are associated with survival in human colon cancer. J. Immunother Cancer 9, e001813 (2021).
pubmed: 33762320 pmcid: 7993360 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001813
Sisirak, V. et al. Impaired IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells favors regulatory T-cell expansion that may contribute to breast cancer progression. Cancer Res. 72, 5188–5197 (2012).
pubmed: 22836755 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3468
Pontarini, E. et al. NKp30 receptor upregulation in salivary glands of Sjögren’s syndrome characterizes ectopic lymphoid structures and is restricted by rituximab treatment. Front. Immunol. 12, 706737 (2021).
pubmed: 34594326 pmcid: 8477027 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706737
Pontarini, E. et al. NK cell recruitment in salivary glands provides early viral control but is dispensable for tertiary lymphoid structure formation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 105, 589–602 (2019).
pubmed: 30575993 doi: 10.1002/JLB.5A1117-462RR
Barone, F. et al. IL-22 regulates lymphoid chemokine production and assembly of tertiary lymphoid organs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 11024–11029 (2015).
pubmed: 26286991 pmcid: 4568258 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1503315112
Ikeda, A. et al. Human NKp44(+) group 3 innate lymphoid cells associate with tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol. Res. 8, 724–731 (2020).
pubmed: 32229590 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-19-0775
Carrega, P. et al. NCR(+)ILC3 concentrate in human lung cancer and associate with intratumoral lymphoid structures. Nat. Commun. 6, 8280 (2015).
pubmed: 26395069 doi: 10.1038/ncomms9280
Poholek, C. H., Dulson, S. J., Zajac, A. J. & Harrington, L. E. IL-21 controls ILC3 cytokine production and promotes a protective phenotype in a mouse model of colitis. Immunohorizons 3, 194–202 (2019).
pubmed: 31356165 doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900005
Komura, K. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structure and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio coordinately predict outcome of pembrolizumab. Cancer Sci. 114, 4622–4631 (2023).
pubmed: 37752769 pmcid: 10728008 doi: 10.1111/cas.15976
Matsuda, N. et al. Prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tertiary lymphoid structures, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in pulmonary metastases from uterine leiomyosarcoma. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 30, 8727–8734 (2023).
pubmed: 37658268 pmcid: 10625945 doi: 10.1245/s10434-023-14176-x
Yamakoshi, Y. et al. Association between the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and tertiary lymphoid structures surrounding tumor in gastric cancer. Mol. Clin. Oncol. 14, 76 (2021).
pubmed: 33680464 pmcid: 7922788 doi: 10.3892/mco.2021.2238
García-Hernández, M. L. et al. A unique cellular and molecular microenvironment is present in tertiary lymphoid organs of patients with spontaneous prostate cancer regression. Front. Immunol. 8, 563 (2017).
pubmed: 28567040 pmcid: 5434117 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00563
Zhang, T. et al. Peritumor tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with infiltrating neutrophils and inferior prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med. 12, 3068–3078 (2023).
pubmed: 36082777 doi: 10.1002/cam4.5227
Li, S. et al. Tumor-associated neutrophils induce EMT by IL-17a to promote migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 38, 6 (2019).
pubmed: 30616627 pmcid: 6323742 doi: 10.1186/s13046-018-1003-0
Lok, L. S. C. & Clatworthy, M. R. Neutrophils in secondary lymphoid organs. Immunology 164, 677–688 (2021).
pubmed: 34411302 pmcid: 8561103 doi: 10.1111/imm.13406
Lok, L. S. C. et al. Phenotypically distinct neutrophils patrol uninfected human and mouse lymph nodes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 19083–19089 (2019).
pubmed: 31484769 pmcid: 6754587 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905054116
Dorraji, S. E. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells and T cells in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lupus nephritis. Sci. Rep. 8, 7861 (2018).
pubmed: 29777158 pmcid: 5959845 doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-26265-z
Neyt, K. et al. Early IL-1 signaling promotes iBALT induction after influenza virus infection. Front. Immunol. 7, 312 (2016).
pubmed: 27579026 pmcid: 4985557 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00312
Chauhan, P. S. et al. Rapid induction of pulmonary inflammation, autoimmune gene expression, and ectopic lymphoid neogenesis following acute silica exposure in lupus-prone mice. Front. Immunol. 12, 635138 (2021).
pubmed: 33732257 pmcid: 7959771 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635138
Weinstein, A. M. et al. Association of IL-36γ with tertiary lymphoid structures and inflammatory immune infiltrates in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 68, 109–120 (2019).
pubmed: 30315348 doi: 10.1007/s00262-018-2259-0
Hill, D. G., Ward, A., Nicholson, L. B. & Jones, G. W. Emerging roles for IL-6 family cytokines as positive and negative regulators of ectopic lymphoid structures. Cytokine 146, 155650 (2021).
pubmed: 34343865 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155650
Botelho, F. M. et al. Pulmonary expression of oncostatin M (OSM) promotes inducible BALT formation independently of IL-6, despite a role for IL-6 in OSM-driven pulmonary inflammation. J. Immunol. 191, 1453–1464 (2013).
pubmed: 23797667 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203318
Goya, S. et al. Sustained interleukin-6 signalling leads to the development of lymphoid organ-like structures in the lung. J. Pathol. 200, 82–87 (2003).
pubmed: 12692845 doi: 10.1002/path.1321
Bettelli, E. et al. Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature 441, 235–238 (2006).
pubmed: 16648838 doi: 10.1038/nature04753
Barr, T. A. et al. B cell depletion therapy ameliorates autoimmune disease through ablation of IL-6-producing B cells. J. Exp. Med. 209, 1001–1010 (2012).
pubmed: 22547654 pmcid: 3348102 doi: 10.1084/jem.20111675
Harker, J. A., Lewis, G. M., Mack, L. & Zuniga, E. I. Late interleukin-6 escalates T follicular helper cell responses and controls a chronic viral infection. Science 334, 825–829 (2011).
pubmed: 21960530 pmcid: 3388900 doi: 10.1126/science.1208421
Hill, D. G. et al. Hyperactive gp130/STAT3-driven gastric tumourigenesis promotes submucosal tertiary lymphoid structure development. Int. J. Cancer 143, 167–178 (2018).
pubmed: 29417587 pmcid: 5969244 doi: 10.1002/ijc.31298
Lucchesi, D. et al. Impaired interleukin-27-mediated control of CD4+ T cell function impact on ectopic lymphoid structure formation in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 72, 1559–1570 (2020).
pubmed: 32307922 doi: 10.1002/art.41289
Meier, D. et al. Ectopic lymphoid-organ development occurs through interleukin 7-mediated enhanced survival of lymphoid-tissue-inducer cells. Immunity 26, 643–654 (2007).
pubmed: 17521585 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.04.009
Nayar, S. et al. Bimodal expansion of the lymphatic vessels is regulated by the sequential expression of IL-7 and lymphotoxin α1β2 in newly formed tertiary lymphoid structures. J. Immunol. 197, 1957–1967 (2016).
pubmed: 27474071 pmcid: 4991245 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500686
Vondenhoff, M. F. et al. LTbetaR signaling induces cytokine expression and up-regulates lymphangiogenic factors in lymph node anlagen. J. Immunol. 182, 5439–5445 (2009).
pubmed: 19380791 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801165
Iolyeva, M. et al. Interleukin-7 is produced by afferent lymphatic vessels and supports lymphatic drainage. Blood 122, 2271–2281 (2013).
pubmed: 23963040 pmcid: 3952712 doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-478073
Kröncke, R., Loppnow, H., Flad, H. D. & Gerdes, J. Human follicular dendritic cells and vascular cells produce interleukin-7: a potential role for interleukin-7 in the germinal center reaction. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 2541–2544 (1996).
pubmed: 8898972 doi: 10.1002/eji.1830261040
Knop, L. et al. IL-7 derived from lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells is dispensable for naive T cell homeostasis but crucial for central memory T cell survival. Eur. J. Immunol. 50, 846–857 (2020).
pubmed: 32043573 doi: 10.1002/eji.201948368
Shinoda, K. et al. Thy1+IL-7+ lymphatic endothelial cells in iBALT provide a survival niche for memory T-helper cells in allergic airway inflammation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, E2842–E2851 (2016).
pubmed: 27140620 pmcid: 4878506 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1512600113
Kabata, H. et al. ILCs and allergy. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1365, 75–95 (2022).
pubmed: 35567742 doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_6
St Paul, M. et al. IL6 Induces an IL22(+) CD8(+) T-cell subset with potent antitumor function. Cancer Immunol. Res. 8, 321–333 (2020).
doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-19-0521
Bruchard, M. & Ghiringhelli, F. Deciphering the roles of innate lymphoid cells in cancer. Front. Immunol. 10, 656 (2019).
pubmed: 31024531 pmcid: 6462996 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00656
Ware, M. B. et al. The role of interleukin-7 in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures and their prognostic value in gastrointestinal cancers. J. Immunother. Precis. Oncol. 5, 105–117 (2022).
pubmed: 36483588 pmcid: 9714415 doi: 10.36401/JIPO-22-10
Luo, R. et al. Tertiary lymphoid organs are associated with the progression of kidney damage and regulated by interleukin-17A. Theranostics 11, 117–131 (2021).
pubmed: 33391465 pmcid: 7681089 doi: 10.7150/thno.48624
Zhu, M. & Fu, Y. Proinflammatory IL-17 induces iBALT development. Cell Mol. Immunol. 9, 101–102, (2012).
pubmed: 21927015 doi: 10.1038/cmi.2011.46
Fleige, H. et al. Induction of BALT in the absence of IL-17. Nat. Immunol. 13, 1 (2011).
pubmed: 22179267 doi: 10.1038/ni.2167
Fleige, H. et al. IL-17-induced CXCL12 recruits B cells and induces follicle formation in BALT in the absence of differentiated FDCs. J. Exp. Med. 211, 643–651 (2014).
pubmed: 24663215 pmcid: 3978277 doi: 10.1084/jem.20131737
Tsukamoto, H. et al. Aging-associated and CD4 T-cell-dependent ectopic CXCL13 activation predisposes to anti-PD-1 therapy-induced adverse events. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2205378119 (2022).
pubmed: 35858347 pmcid: 9303859 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2205378119
de Leur, K. et al. Characterization of ectopic lymphoid structures in different types of acute renal allograft rejection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 192, 224–232 (2018).
pubmed: 29319177 pmcid: 5904712 doi: 10.1111/cei.13099
Luo, R. et al. T Follicular helper cells in tertiary lymphoid structure contribute to renal fibrosis by IL-21. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 12535 (2023).
pubmed: 37628716 pmcid: 10454845 doi: 10.3390/ijms241612535
Duan, L. et al. Follicular dendritic cells restrict interleukin-4 availability in germinal centers and foster memory B cell generation. Immunity 54, 2256–2272.e2256 (2021).
pubmed: 34555336 pmcid: 8516727 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.028
Bellamri, N. et al. TNF-α and IL-10 Control CXCL13 Expression in Human Macrophages. J. Immunol. 204, 2492–2502 (2020).
pubmed: 32213567 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900790
Mills, K. H. G. IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells in protection versus pathology. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 23, 38–54 (2023).
pubmed: 35790881 doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00746-9
Gomez-Nguyen, A. et al. Chronic stress induces colonic tertiary lymphoid organ formation and protection against secondary injury through IL-23/IL-22 signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2208160119 (2022).
pubmed: 36161939 pmcid: 9546604 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2208160119
Borelli, A. & Irla, M. Lymphotoxin: from the physiology to the regeneration of the thymic function. Cell Death Differ. 28, 2305–2314 (2021).
pubmed: 34290396 pmcid: 8329281 doi: 10.1038/s41418-021-00834-8
Kabashima, K. et al. Intrinsic lymphotoxin-beta receptor requirement for homeostasis of lymphoid tissue dendritic cells. Immunity 22, 439–450 (2005).
pubmed: 15845449 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.02.007
Kucharzewska, P. et al. NIK-IKK complex interaction controls NF-κB-dependent inflammatory activation of endothelium in response to LTβR ligation. J. Cell Sci. 132, jcs225615 (2019).
pubmed: 30837284 doi: 10.1242/jcs.225615
Browning, J. L. et al. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling is required for the homeostatic control of HEV differentiation and function. Immunity 23, 539–550 (2005).
pubmed: 16286021 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.10.002
Sautès-Fridman, C., Petitprez, F., Calderaro, J. & Fridman, W. H. Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 19, 307–325 (2019).
pubmed: 31092904 doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0144-6
Schneider, K., Potter, K. G. & Ware, C. F. Lymphotoxin and LIGHT signaling pathways and target genes. Immunol. Rev. 202, 49–66 (2004).
pubmed: 15546385 doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00206.x
Remouchamps, C., Boutaffala, L., Ganeff, C. & Dejardin, E. Biology and signal transduction pathways of the Lymphotoxin-αβ/LTβR system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 22, 301–310, (2011).
pubmed: 22152226 doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.11.007
Gantsev, S. K. et al. The role of inflammatory chemokines in lymphoid neoorganogenesis in breast cancer. Biomed. Pharmacother. 67, 363–366 (2013).
pubmed: 23602049 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.03.017
Zhang, N. et al. LIGHT/TNFSF14 promotes CAR-T cell trafficking and cytotoxicity through reversing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mol. Ther. 31, 2575–2590 (2023).
pubmed: 37408308 doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.015
He, B. et al. Vascular targeting of LIGHT normalizes blood vessels in primary brain cancer and induces intratumoural high endothelial venules. J. Pathol. 245, 209–221 (2018).
pubmed: 29603739 pmcid: 6737176 doi: 10.1002/path.5080
Furtado, G. C. et al. TNFα-dependent development of lymphoid tissue in the absence of RORγt
pubmed: 24129162 doi: 10.1038/mi.2013.79
Rodriguez, A. B., Parriott, G. & Engelhard, V. H. Tumor necrosis factor receptor regulation of peripheral node addressin biosynthetic components in tumor endothelial cells. Front. Immunol. 13, 1009306 (2022).
pubmed: 36189308 pmcid: 9520236 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009306
Blanchard, L. & Girard, J. P. High endothelial venules (HEVs) in immunity, inflammation and cancer. Angiogenesis 24, 719–753 (2021).
pubmed: 33956259 pmcid: 8487881 doi: 10.1007/s10456-021-09792-8
Möckel, T., Basta, F., Weinmann-Menke, J. & Schwarting, A. B cell activating factor (BAFF): structure, functions, autoimmunity and clinical implications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmun. Rev. 20, 102736 (2021).
pubmed: 33333233 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102736
Diddens, J. et al. Single-cell profiling indicates a proinflammatory role of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 11, e200185 (2024).
pubmed: 38100739 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200185
Sabat, R. et al. Neutrophilic granulocyte-derived B-cell activating factor supports B cells in skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 151, 1015–1026 (2023).
pubmed: 36481267 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.034
Morissette, M. C. et al. Role of BAFF in pulmonary autoantibody responses induced by chronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Physiol. Rep. 4, e13057 (2016).
pubmed: 28039405 pmcid: 5210376 doi: 10.14814/phy2.13057
Collison, J. Lupus nephritis: novel role for BAFF in tertiary lymphoid neogenesis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 13, 260 (2017).
pubmed: 28298648 doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.40
Kang, S. et al. BAFF induces tertiary lymphoid structures and positions T cells within the glomeruli during lupus nephritis. J. Immunol. 198, 2602–2611 (2017).
pubmed: 28235864 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600281
Steines, L. et al. B Cell activating factor (BAFF) is required for the development of intra-renal tertiary lymphoid organs in experimental kidney transplantation in rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 8045 (2020).
pubmed: 33126753 pmcid: 7662293 doi: 10.3390/ijms21218045
Graves, D. T. & Jiang, Y. Chemokines, a family of chemotactic cytokines. Crit. Rev. Oral. Biol. Med. 6, 109–118, (1995).
pubmed: 7548618 doi: 10.1177/10454411950060020101
Rouanne, M., Arpaia, N. & Marabelle, A. CXCL13 shapes tertiary lymphoid structures and promotes response to immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 151, 245–248 (2021).
pubmed: 33972155 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.054
Carlsen, H. S. et al. Monocyte-like and mature macrophages produce CXCL13 (B cell-attracting chemokine 1) in inflammatory lesions with lymphoid neogenesis. Blood 104, 3021–3027 (2004).
pubmed: 15284119 doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0701
McDonald, K. G., McDonough, J. S., Dieckgraefe, B. K. & Newberry, R. D. Dendritic cells produce CXCL13 and participate in the development of murine small intestine lymphoid tissues. Am. J. Pathol. 176, 2367–2377, (2010).
pubmed: 20304952 pmcid: 2861101 doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090723
Ukita, M. et al. CXCL13-producing CD4+ T cells accumulate in the early phase of tertiary lymphoid structures in ovarian cancer. JCI Insight 7, e157215 (2022).
Li, J. P. et al. PD-1(+)CXCR5(-)CD4(+) Th-CXCL13 cell subset drives B cells into tertiary lymphoid structures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J. Immunother. Cancer 9, e002101 (2021).
Groeneveld, C. S. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures marker CXCL13 is associated with better survival for patients with advanced-stage bladder cancer treated with immunotherapy. Eur. J. Cancer 148, 181–189 (2021).
pubmed: 33743486 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.01.036
Dai, S. et al. Intratumoral CXCL13(+)CD8(+)T cell infiltration determines poor clinical outcomes and immunoevasive contexture in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J. Immunother. Cancer 9, e001823 (2021).
pubmed: 33589528 pmcid: 7887366 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001823
Allen, C. D. et al. Germinal center dark and light zone organization is mediated by CXCR4 and CXCR5. Nat. Immunol. 5, 943–952 (2004).
pubmed: 15300245 doi: 10.1038/ni1100
Reschke, R. et al. Immune cell and tumor cell-derived CXCL10 is indicative of immunotherapy response in metastatic melanoma. J. Immunother Cancer 9, e003521 (2021).
pubmed: 34593622 pmcid: 8487215 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003521
Hauser, M. A. & Legler, D. F. Common and biased signaling pathways of the chemokine receptor CCR7 elicited by its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 in leukocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 99, 869–882 (2016).
pubmed: 26729814 doi: 10.1189/jlb.2MR0815-380R
Han, L. & Zhang, L. CCL21/CCR7 axis as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Int. Immunopharmacol. 121, 110431 (2023).
pubmed: 37331295 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110431
Sah, V. R. et al. Chemokine analysis in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma suggests a role for CCL21 signaling in combined epigenetic therapy and checkpoint immunotherapy. Cancer Res. Commun. 3, 884–895 (2023).
pubmed: 37377898 pmcid: 10194136 doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-22-0490
Yin, X. et al. Tobacco exposure primes the secretion of CCL21 positively associated with tertiary lymphoid structure and response to immunotherapy. Immunother. Cancer 11, e006939 (2023).
doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006939
De Silva, P. et al. FOXP1 negatively regulates tumor infiltrating lymphocyte migration in human breast cancer. EBioMedicine 39, 226–238 (2019).
pubmed: 30579865 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.066
Korbecki, J. et al. Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in neoplastic processes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 3723 (2020).
pubmed: 32466280 pmcid: 7279446 doi: 10.3390/ijms21103723
Murphy, G., Caplice, N. & Molloy, M. Fractalkine in rheumatoid arthritis: a review to date. Rheumatology 47, 1446–1451 (2008).
pubmed: 18495821 doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken197
Astorri, E. et al. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in tertiary lymphoid structures in salivary gland infiltrates: fractalkine contribution to lymphoid neogenesis in Sjogren’s syndrome. Rheumatology 53, 611–620 (2014).
pubmed: 24324211 doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket401
Denton, A. E. et al. Type I interferon induces CXCL13 to support ectopic germinal center formation. J. Exp. Med. 216, 621–637 (2019).
pubmed: 30723095 pmcid: 6400543 doi: 10.1084/jem.20181216
Sjöstrand, M. et al. The expression of BAFF is controlled by IRF transcription factors. J. Immunol. 196, 91–96 (2016).
pubmed: 26590315 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501061
Andersson, A. et al. Spatial deconvolution of HER2-positive breast cancer delineates tumor-associated cell type interactions. Nat. Commun. 12, 6012 (2021).
pubmed: 34650042 pmcid: 8516894 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26271-2
Nakayamada, S. et al. Type I IFN induces binding of STAT1 to Bcl6: divergent roles of STAT family transcription factors in the T follicular helper cell genetic program. J. Immunol. 192, 2156–2166 (2014).
pubmed: 24489092 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300675
Tian, L. et al. Mutual regulation of tumour vessel normalization and immunostimulatory reprogramming. Nature 544, 250–254 (2017).
pubmed: 28371798 pmcid: 5788037 doi: 10.1038/nature21724
Olkhov-Mitsel, E. et al. Upregulation of IFNɣ-mediated chemokines dominate the immune transcriptome of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Sci. Rep. 12, 716 (2022).
pubmed: 35027623 pmcid: 8758674 doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04678-7
Yoshimoto, K. et al. Regulatory mechanisms for the production of BAFF and IL-6 are impaired in monocytes of patients of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis. Res. Ther. 13, R170 (2011).
pubmed: 22018243 pmcid: 3308105 doi: 10.1186/ar3493
Batlle, E. & Massagué, J. Transforming growth factor-β signaling in Immunity and Cancer. Immunity 50, 924–940 (2019).
pubmed: 30995507 pmcid: 7507121 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.024
Kelly, F. M. et al. TGF-beta upregulation drives tertiary lymphoid organ formation and kidney dysfunction in calcineurin A-alpha heterozygous mice. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 296, F512–F520 (2009).
doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.90629.2008
Kinker, G. S. et al. Mature tertiary lymphoid structures are key niches of tumour-specific immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Gut 72, 1927–1941 (2023).
pubmed: 37230755 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328697
O’Connor, R. A. et al. Cancer-associated fibroblasts drive CXCL13 production in activated T cells via TGF-beta. Front. Immunol. 14, 1221532 (2023).
pubmed: 37520560 pmcid: 10373066 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221532
Lin, Q. Y. et al. VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis protects against pressure-overload induced cardiac dysfunction through regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Clin. Transl. Med. 11, e374 (2021).
pubmed: 33783987 pmcid: 7989711 doi: 10.1002/ctm2.374
Chyou, S. et al. Fibroblast-type reticular stromal cells regulate the lymph node vasculature. J. Immunol. 181, 3887–3896 (2008).
pubmed: 18768843 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3887
Shikhagaie, M. M. et al. Neuropilin-1 is expressed on lymphoid tissue residing LTi-like group 3 innate lymphoid cells and associated with ectopic lymphoid aggregates. Cell Rep. 18, 1761–1773 (2017).
pubmed: 28199847 pmcid: 5318658 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.063
Allen, E. et al. Combined antiangiogenic and anti-PD-L1 therapy stimulates tumor immunity through HEV formation. Sci. Transl. Med. 9, eaak9679 (2017).
pubmed: 28404866 pmcid: 5554432 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aak9679
Cattoretti, G. et al. BCL-6 protein is expressed in germinal-center B cells. Blood 86, 45–53 (1995).
pubmed: 7795255 doi: 10.1182/blood.V86.1.45.bloodjournal86145
Victora, G. D. & Nussenzweig, M. C. Germinal centers. Annu Rev. Immunol. 40, 413–442 (2022).
pubmed: 35113731 doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-120419-022408
Fukuda, T. et al. Disruption of the Bcl6 gene results in an impaired germinal center formation. J. Exp. Med. 186, 439–448 (1997).
pubmed: 9236196 pmcid: 2199007 doi: 10.1084/jem.186.3.439
Hatzi, K. et al. BCL6 orchestrates Tfh cell differentiation via multiple distinct mechanisms. J. Exp. Med. 212, 539–553 (2015).
pubmed: 25824819 pmcid: 4387288 doi: 10.1084/jem.20141380
Liu, D. et al. BCL6 controls contact-dependent help delivery during follicular T-B cell interactions. Immunity 54, 2245–2255.e2244 (2021).
pubmed: 34464595 pmcid: 8528402 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.003
Ma, G. et al. Presence, subtypes, and prognostic significance of tertiary lymphoid structures in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Oncologist 29, e248–e258 (2024).
pubmed: 37874923 doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad283
Werner, F. et al. A standardized analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in human melanoma: disease progression- and tumor site-associated changes with germinal center alteration. Front. Immunol. 12, 675146 (2021).
pubmed: 34248957 pmcid: 8264652 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675146
Çakan, E. & Gunaydin, G. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase: an old friend with new faces. Front. Immunol. 13, 965312 (2022).
pubmed: 36405752 pmcid: 9670734 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965312
Epps, S. J. et al. Features of ectopic lymphoid-like structures in human uveitis. Exp. Eye Res. 191, 107901 (2020).
pubmed: 31877281 pmcid: 7029346 doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107901
Zhou, S. et al. Autoreactive B cell differentiation in diffuse ectopic lymphoid-like structures of inflamed pemphigus lesions. J. Invest Dermatol. 140, 309–318.e308 (2020).
pubmed: 31476317 doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.717
Lutz, E. R. et al. Immunotherapy converts nonimmunogenic pancreatic tumors into immunogenic foci of immune regulation. Cancer Immunol. Res. 2, 616–631 (2014).
pubmed: 24942756 pmcid: 4082460 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0027
Blum, K. S. & Pabst, R. Keystones in lymph node development. J. Anat. 209, 585–595 (2006).
pubmed: 17062017 pmcid: 2100342 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00650.x
van de Pavert, S. A. & Mebius, R. E. New insights into the development of lymphoid tissues. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10, 664–674 (2010).
pubmed: 20706277 doi: 10.1038/nri2832
Fütterer, A. et al. The lymphotoxin beta receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 9, 59–70 (1998).
pubmed: 9697836 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80588-9
Drayton, D. L., Liao, S., Mounzer, R. H. & Ruddle, N. H. Lymphoid organ development: from ontogeny to neogenesis. Nat. Immunol. 7, 344–353 (2006).
pubmed: 16550197 doi: 10.1038/ni1330
Liu, W. et al. An immune cell map of human lung adenocarcinoma development reveals an anti-tumoral role of the Tfh-dependent tertiary lymphoid structure. Cell Rep. Med. 5, 101448 (2024).
pubmed: 38458196 pmcid: 10983046 doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101448
Hu, C. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structure-associated B cells enhance CXCL13(+)CD103(+)CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T-cell response to programmed cell death protein 1 blockade in cancer immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 166, 1069–1084 (2024).
pubmed: 38445519 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.10.022
Cupedo, T., Jansen, W., Kraal, G. & Mebius, R. E. Induction of secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures in the skin. Immunity 21, 655–667 (2004).
pubmed: 15539152 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.09.006
Nayar, S. et al. Immunofibroblasts regulate LTα3 expression in tertiary lymphoid structures in a pathway dependent on ICOS/ICOSL interaction. Commun. Biol. 5, 413 (2022).
pubmed: 35508704 pmcid: 9068764 doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03344-6
Wang, Z. Z. et al. Stromal cells and B cells orchestrate ectopic lymphoid tissue formation in nasal polyps. Allergy 76, 1416–1431 (2021).
pubmed: 33022771 doi: 10.1111/all.14612
Witherel, C. E. et al. Regulation of extracellular matrix assembly and structure by hybrid M1/M2 macrophages. Biomaterials 269, 120667 (2021).
pubmed: 33450585 pmcid: 7870567 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120667
Sato, M. et al. Stromal activation and formation of lymphoid-like stroma in chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Transplantation 91, 1398–1405 (2011).
pubmed: 21512432 doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31821b2f7a
Jamaly, S. et al. Interplay of immune and kidney resident cells in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lupus nephritis. Autoimmun. Rev. 20, 102980 (2021).
pubmed: 34718163 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102980
Kanapathippillai, P., Hedberg, A., Fenton, C. G. & Fenton, K. A. Nucleosomes contribute to increase mesangial cell chemokine expression during the development of lupus nephritis. Cytokine 62, 244–252 (2013).
pubmed: 23561928 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.03.016
Li, H. et al. IL-23 reshapes kidney resident cell metabolism and promotes local kidney inflammation. J. Clin. Investig. 131, e142428 (2021).
pubmed: 33956666 pmcid: 8203450 doi: 10.1172/JCI142428
Schwarting, A. et al. Renal tubular epithelial cell-derived BAFF expression mediates kidney damage and correlates with activity of proliferative lupus nephritis in mouse and men. Lupus 27, 243–256 (2018).
pubmed: 28659046 doi: 10.1177/0961203317717083
Yung, S., Cheung, K. F., Zhang, Q. & Chan, T. M. Anti-dsDNA antibodies bind to mesangial annexin II in lupus nephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 21, 1912–1927 (2010).
pubmed: 20847146 pmcid: 3014006 doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009080805
Bombardieri, M. et al. Inducible tertiary lymphoid structures, autoimmunity, and exocrine dysfunction in a novel model of salivary gland inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. J. Immunol. 189, 3767–3776 (2012).
pubmed: 22942425 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201216
Brand, R. M. et al. Anti-CD20 depletes meningeal B cells but does not halt the formation of meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue. Neurol Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 8, e1012 (2021).
pubmed: 34021057 pmcid: 8143698 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001012
Yuan, H. et al. Single-cell sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. J. Transl. Med. 22, 48 (2024).
pubmed: 38216927 pmcid: 10787393 doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-04860-1
Zhang, S. et al. Characteristics of B lymphocyte infiltration in HPV(+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 112, 1402–1416 (2021).
pubmed: 33529452 pmcid: 8019230 doi: 10.1111/cas.14834
Luther, S. A., Ansel, K. M. & Cyster, J. G. Overlapping roles of CXCL13, interleukin 7 receptor alpha, and CCR7 ligands in lymph node development. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1191–1198 (2003).
pubmed: 12732660 pmcid: 2193976 doi: 10.1084/jem.20021294
Martinet, L. et al. Human solid tumors contain high endothelial venules: association with T- and B-lymphocyte infiltration and favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 71, 5678–5687 (2011).
pubmed: 21846823 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0431
Zhan, Z. et al. High endothelial venules proportion in tertiary lymphoid structure is a prognostic marker and correlated with anti-tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Ann. Med. 55, 114–126 (2023).
pubmed: 36503344 doi: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2153911
Jeucken, K. C. M., Koning, J. J., Mebius, R. E. & Tas, S. W. The role of endothelial cells and TNF-receptor superfamily members in lymphoid organogenesis and function during health and inflammation. Front Immunol. 10, 2700 (2019).
pubmed: 31824495 pmcid: 6879661 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02700
Onder, L. et al. Endothelial cell-specific lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling is critical for lymph node and high endothelial venule formation. J. Exp. Med. 210, 465–473 (2013).
pubmed: 23420877 pmcid: 3600902 doi: 10.1084/jem.20121462
Luther, S. A. et al. BLC expression in pancreatic islets causes B cell recruitment and lymphotoxin-dependent lymphoid neogenesis. Immunity 12, 471–481 (2000).
pubmed: 10843380 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80199-5
Ramachandran, M. et al. Tailoring vascular phenotype through AAV therapy promotes anti-tumor immunity in glioma. Cancer Cell. 41, 1134–1151.e1110 (2023).
pubmed: 37172581 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.04.010
Fleig, S. et al. Loss of vascular endothelial notch signaling promotes spontaneous formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Nat. Commun. 13, 2022 (2022).
pubmed: 35440634 pmcid: 9018798 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29701-x
Yoshida, H. et al. Role of sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X in antitumor immunity against oral squamous cell carcinoma. J. Oral. Pathol. Med. 46, 759–765 (2017).
pubmed: 28425129 doi: 10.1111/jop.12585
He, M. et al. Intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) maturation is influenced by draining lymph nodes of lung cancer. J. Immunother Cancer 11, e005539 (2023).
pubmed: 37072348 pmcid: 10124324 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005539
Sawada, J. et al. Molecular signature of tumor-associated high endothelial venules that can predict breast cancer survival. Cancer Immunol. Res. 10, 468–481 (2022).
pubmed: 35201289 pmcid: 8976767 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-21-0369
Asrir, A. et al. Tumor-associated high endothelial venules mediate lymphocyte entry into tumors and predict response to PD-1 plus CTLA-4 combination immunotherapy. Cancer Cell. 40, 318–334.e319 (2022).
pubmed: 35120598 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.002
Zhu, C., Kros, J. M., Cheng, C. & Mustafa, D. The contribution of tumor-associated macrophages in glioma neo-angiogenesis and implications for anti-angiogenic strategies. Neuro Oncol. 19, 1435–1446 (2017).
pubmed: 28575312 pmcid: 5737221 doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nox081
Martinet, L. et al. High endothelial venule blood vessels for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with lymphotoxin β-producing dendritic cells in human breast cancer. J. Immunol. 191, 2001–2008 (2013).
pubmed: 23825314 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300872
Moussion, C. & Girard, J. P. Dendritic cells control lymphocyte entry to lymph nodes through high endothelial venules. Nature 479, 542–546 (2011).
pubmed: 22080953 doi: 10.1038/nature10540
Hindley, J. P. et al. T-cell trafficking facilitated by high endothelial venules is required for tumor control after regulatory T-cell depletion. Cancer Res. 72, 5473–5482 (2012).
pubmed: 22962270 pmcid: 3491872 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1912
Choe, K. et al. Stepwise transmigration of T- and B cells through a perivascular channel in high endothelial venules. Life Sci Alliance 4, e202101086 (2021).
pubmed: 34187874 pmcid: 9715433 doi: 10.26508/lsa.202101086
Vella, G., Guelfi, S. & Bergers, G. High endothelial venules: a vascular perspective on tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer. Front. Immunol. 12, 736670 (2021).
pubmed: 34484246 pmcid: 8416033 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736670
Hemmerich, S. et al. Sulfation of L-selectin ligands by an HEV-restricted sulfotransferase regulates lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. Immunity 15, 237–247 (2001).
pubmed: 11520459 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00188-1
Kawashima, H. et al. N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases 1 and 2 cooperatively control lymphocyte homing through L-selectin ligand biosynthesis in high endothelial venules. Nat. Immunol. 6, 1096–1104 (2005).
pubmed: 16227985 doi: 10.1038/ni1259
Vella, G., Hua, Y. & Bergers, G. High endothelial venules in cancer: regulation, function, and therapeutic implication. Cancer Cell. 41, 527–545 (2023).
pubmed: 36827979 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.002
Girard, J. P., Moussion, C. & Förster, R. HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 12, 762–773 (2012).
pubmed: 23018291 doi: 10.1038/nri3298
Kanemitsu, N. et al. CXCL13 is an arrest chemokine for B cells in high endothelial venules. Blood 106, 2613–2618 (2005).
pubmed: 15972452 doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0133
Wang, Y., Liu, J., Burrows, P. D. & Wang, J. Y. B Cell Development and Maturation. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1254, 1–22 (2020).
pubmed: 32323265 doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_1
Huang, C. Germinal center reaction. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1254, 47–53 (2020).
pubmed: 32323268 doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_4
Schulz, O., Hammerschmidt, S. I., Moschovakis, G. L. & Förster, R. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in lymphoid tissue dynamics. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 34, 203–242 (2016).
pubmed: 26907216 doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055649
Stebegg, M. et al. Regulation of the germinal center response. Front. Immunol. 9, 2469 (2018).
pubmed: 30410492 pmcid: 6209676 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02469
Huang, C. & Melnick, A. Mechanisms of action of BCL6 during germinal center B cell development. Sci. China Life Sci. 58, 1226–1232 (2015).
pubmed: 26566802 doi: 10.1007/s11427-015-4919-z
Shokat, K. M. & Goodnow, C. C. Antigen-induced B-cell death and elimination during germinal-centre immune responses. Nature 375, 334–338 (1995).
pubmed: 7753200 doi: 10.1038/375334a0
Pulendran, B. et al. Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells. Nature 375, 331–334 (1995).
pubmed: 7753199 doi: 10.1038/375331a0
Paus, D. et al. Antigen recognition strength regulates the choice between extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center B cell differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 203, 1081–1091 (2006).
pubmed: 16606676 pmcid: 2118299 doi: 10.1084/jem.20060087
Bannard, O. et al. Germinal center centroblasts transition to a centrocyte phenotype according to a timed program and depend on the dark zone for effective selection. Immunity 39, 912–924 (2013).
pubmed: 24184055 pmcid: 3828484 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.038
Dal Porto, J. M., Haberman, A. M., Kelsoe, G. & Shlomchik, M. J. Very low affinity B cells form germinal centers, become memory B cells, and participate in secondary immune responses when higher affinity competition is reduced. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1215–1221 (2002).
pubmed: 11994427 pmcid: 2193705 doi: 10.1084/jem.20011550
Schwickert, T. A. et al. A dynamic T cell-limited checkpoint regulates affinity-dependent B cell entry into the germinal center. J. Exp. Med. 208, 1243–1252 (2011).
pubmed: 21576382 pmcid: 3173244 doi: 10.1084/jem.20102477
Amitai, A. et al. A population dynamics model for clonal diversity in a germinal center. Front Microbiol. 8, 1693 (2017).
pubmed: 28955307 pmcid: 5600966 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01693
Meyer-Hermann, M. et al. A theory of germinal center B cell selection, division, and exit. Cell Rep. 2, 162–174 (2012).
pubmed: 22840406 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.05.010
Victora, G. D. et al. Germinal center dynamics revealed by multiphoton microscopy with a photoactivatable fluorescent reporter. Cell 143, 592–605 (2010).
pubmed: 21074050 pmcid: 3035939 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.10.032
Mayer, C. T. et al. The microanatomic segregation of selection by apoptosis in the germinal center. Science 358, eaao2602 (2017).
pubmed: 28935768 pmcid: 5957278 doi: 10.1126/science.aao2602
Liu, Y. J. et al. Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres. Nature 342, 929–931 (1989).
pubmed: 2594086 doi: 10.1038/342929a0
Turner, J. S., Marthi, M., Benet, Z. L. & Grigorova, I. Transiently antigen-primed B cells return to naive-like state in absence of T-cell help. Nat. Commun. 8, 15072 (2017).
pubmed: 28429719 pmcid: 5413946 doi: 10.1038/ncomms15072
Turner, J. S., Ke, F. & Grigorova, I. L. B cell receptor crosslinking augments germinal center B cell selection when T cell help is limiting. Cell Rep. 25, 1395–1403.e1394 (2018).
pubmed: 30403996 pmcid: 6289055 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.042
Luo, W., Weisel, F. & Shlomchik, M. J. B cell receptor and CD40 signaling are rewired for synergistic induction of the c-Myc transcription factor in germinal center B cells. Immunity 48, 313–326.e315 (2018).
pubmed: 29396161 pmcid: 5821563 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.01.008
Heise, N. et al. Germinal center B cell maintenance and differentiation are controlled by distinct NF-κB transcription factor subunits. J. Exp. Med. 211, 2103–2118 (2014).
pubmed: 25180063 pmcid: 4172226 doi: 10.1084/jem.20132613
Radtke, D. & Bannard, O. Expression of the plasma cell transcriptional regulator Blimp-1 by dark zone germinal center B cells during periods of proliferation. Front. Immunol. 9, 3106 (2018).
pubmed: 30687317 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03106
Fridman, W. H. et al. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures as determinants of tumour immune contexture and clinical outcome. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19, 441–457 (2022).
pubmed: 35365796 doi: 10.1038/s41571-022-00619-z
Cattoretti, G. et al. Deregulated BCL6 expression recapitulates the pathogenesis of human diffuse large B cell lymphomas in mice. Cancer Cell. 7, 445–455 (2005).
pubmed: 15894265 doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.037
Cremasco, V. et al. B cell homeostasis and follicle confines are governed by fibroblastic reticular cells. Nat. Immunol. 15, 973–981 (2014).
pubmed: 25151489 pmcid: 4205585 doi: 10.1038/ni.2965
Yu, K. AID function in somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. Acta Biochim Biophys. Sin. 54, 759–766 (2022).
pubmed: 35975606 pmcid: 9827813 doi: 10.3724/abbs.2022070
Wang, Y. et al. Mesoscale DNA feature in antibody-coding sequence facilitates somatic hypermutation. Cell 186, 2193–2207.e2119 (2023).
pubmed: 37098343 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.030
Kumanogoh, A. et al. Class IV semaphorin Sema4A enhances T-cell activation and interacts with Tim-2. Nature 419, 629–633 (2002).
pubmed: 12374982 doi: 10.1038/nature01037
Fridman, W. H. et al. Activation of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: anti-tumor or anti-self? Semin. Immunol. 65, 101703 (2023).
pubmed: 36481358 doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101703
Wang, M. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures as local perpetuators of organ-specific immune injury: implication for lupus nephritis. Front. Immunol. 14, 1204777 (2023).
pubmed: 38022566 pmcid: 10644380 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1204777
Wang, Q. et al. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing of B-cell heterogeneity and tertiary lymphoid structure predicts breast cancer prognosis and neoadjuvant therapy efficacy. Clin. Transl. Med. 13, e1346 (2023).
pubmed: 37525587 pmcid: 10390819 doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1346
Meylan, M. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures generate and propagate anti-tumor antibody-producing plasma cells in renal cell cancer. Immunity 55, 527–541.e525 (2022).
pubmed: 35231421 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.001
Zhang, B. et al. Single-cell chemokine receptor profiles delineate the immune contexture of tertiary lymphoid structures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 558, 216105 (2023).
pubmed: 36841416 doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216105
Wang, Y. et al. Computerized tertiary lymphoid structures density on H&E-images is a prognostic biomarker in resectable lung adenocarcinoma. iScience 26, 107635 (2023).
pubmed: 37664636 pmcid: 10474456 doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107635
Randolph, G. J. et al. Lymphoid aggregates remodel lymphatic collecting vessels that serve mesenteric lymph nodes in Crohn disease. Am. J. Pathol. 186, 3066–3073 (2016).
pubmed: 27746181 pmcid: 5225286 doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.026
Sato, Y. et al. Heterogeneous fibroblasts underlie age-dependent tertiary lymphoid tissues in the kidney. JCI Insight 1, e87680 (2016).
pubmed: 27699223 pmcid: 5033938 doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.87680
Hamade, A. et al. Sex differences in the aging murine urinary bladder and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment of a carcinogen-induced model of bladder cancer. Biol. Sex. Differ. 13, 19 (2022).
pubmed: 35505436 pmcid: 9066862 doi: 10.1186/s13293-022-00428-0
Camell, C. D. et al. Aging induces an Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent expansion of adipose B cells that impairs metabolic homeostasis. Cell Metab. 30, 1024–1039.e1026 (2019).
pubmed: 31735593 pmcid: 6944439 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.10.006
Grubb, B. R. et al. Reduced mucociliary clearance in old mice is associated with a decrease in Muc5b mucin. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 310, L860–L867 (2016).
pubmed: 26968767 pmcid: 4867354 doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2016
Tertiary lymphoid structures validated as biomarker. Cancer Discov. 14, Of2, (2024).
Feng, W. et al. CDK4/6i enhances the antitumor effect of PD1 antibody by promoting TLS formation in ovarian cancer. Heliyon 9, e19760 (2023).
pubmed: 37809574 pmcid: 10559077 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19760
Masuda, T. et al. Unique characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures in kidney clear cell carcinoma: prognostic outcome and comparison with bladder cancer. J. Immunother Cancer 10, e003883 (2022).
pubmed: 35314433 pmcid: 8938705 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003883
Munoz-Erazo, L., Rhodes, J. L., Marion, V. C. & Kemp, R. A. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer—considerations for patient prognosis. Cell Mol. Immunol. 17, 570–575 (2020).
pubmed: 32415259 pmcid: 7264315 doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0457-0
Wu, Y. H. et al. Features and clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structure in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 36, 2043–2050 (2022).
pubmed: 35881141 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18464
Liu, Z. et al. Intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures promote patient survival and immunotherapy response in head neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 72, 1505–1521 (2023).
pubmed: 36481914 doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03310-5
Zhou, X. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structure stratifies glioma into three distinct tumor subtypes. Aging 13, 26063–26094 (2021).
pubmed: 34954691 pmcid: 8751592 doi: 10.18632/aging.203798
Ding, G. Y. et al. Distribution and density of tertiary lymphoid structures predict clinical outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Hepatol. 76, 608–618 (2022).
pubmed: 34793865 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.10.030
Hayashi, Y. et al. Density and maturity of peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma predicts patient survival and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br. J. Cancer 128, 2175–2185 (2023).
pubmed: 37016103 pmcid: 10241865 doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02235-9
Wang, Q. et al. Peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structure and tumor stroma percentage predict the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Front Immunol. 13, 962056 (2022).
pubmed: 36189233 pmcid: 9524924 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.962056
Finkin, S. et al. Ectopic lymphoid structures function as microniches for tumor progenitor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Immunol. 16, 1235–1244 (2015).
pubmed: 26502405 pmcid: 4653079 doi: 10.1038/ni.3290
Shang, T. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of cholangiocarcinoma. Front. Immunol. 14, 1166497 (2023).
pubmed: 37234171 pmcid: 10206168 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166497
Sofopoulos, M. et al. The prognostic significance of peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 68, 1733–1745 (2019).
pubmed: 31598757 pmcid: 11028375 doi: 10.1007/s00262-019-02407-8
Lynch, K. T. et al. Heterogeneity in tertiary lymphoid structure B-cells correlates with patient survival in metastatic melanoma. J. Immunother. Cancer 9, e002273 (2021).
pubmed: 34103353 pmcid: 8190052 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002273
Datta, R. R. et al. Post-transplant malignancies show reduced t-cell abundance and tertiary lymphoid structures as correlates of impaired cancer immunosurveillance. Clin. Cancer Res. 28, 1712–1723 (2022).
pubmed: 35191474 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-21-3746
Noël, G. et al. Functional Th1-oriented T follicular helper cells that infiltrate human breast cancer promote effective adaptive immunity. J Clin Invest 131, e139905 (2021).
pubmed: 34411002 pmcid: 8483751 doi: 10.1172/JCI139905
Johnson, D. E. et al. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 6, 92 (2020).
pubmed: 33243986 doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-00224-3
Li, H. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structure raises survival and immunotherapy in HPV(-) HNSCC. J. Dent. Res. 102, 678–688 (2023).
pubmed: 36883630 doi: 10.1177/00220345231151685
Liang, H. et al. Follicle-like tertiary lymphoid structures: a potential biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Front. Immunol. 14, 1096220 (2023).
pubmed: 36776859 pmcid: 9912937 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096220
Lagergren, J. & Lagergren, P. Oesophageal cancer. BMJ 341, c6280 (2010).
pubmed: 21112905 doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6280
Nakamura, S. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures correlate with enhancement of antitumor immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer 129, 1314–1326 (2023).
pubmed: 37604932 pmcid: 10575855 doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02396-7
Li, R. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures favor outcome in resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Pathol. Clin. Res. 8, 422–435 (2022).
pubmed: 35711130 pmcid: 9353661 doi: 10.1002/cjp2.281
Sun, X. et al. Maturation and abundance of tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. J. Immunother. Cancer 10, e005531 (2022).
pubmed: 37011953 pmcid: 9644367 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005531
Patil, N. S. et al. Intratumoral plasma cells predict outcomes to PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 40, 289–300.e284 (2022).
pubmed: 35216676 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.02.002
Wakasu, S. et al. Preventive effect of tertiary lymphoid structures on lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 72, 1823–1834 (2023).
pubmed: 36688996 pmcid: 10992259 doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03353-8
Barnett, R. Ovarian cancer. Lancet 387, 1265 (2016).
pubmed: 27035016 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30024-1
Lu, H. et al. Tumor and local lymphoid tissue interaction determines prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Rep. Med. 4, 101092 (2023).
pubmed: 37348499 pmcid: 10394173 doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101092
Dekker, E. et al. Colorectal cancer. Lancet 394, 1467–1480 (2019).
pubmed: 31631858 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32319-0
Zhang, C. et al. Localization and density of tertiary lymphoid structures associate with molecular subtype and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J. Immunother. Cancer 11, e006425 (2023).
pubmed: 36759015 pmcid: 9923349 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006425
Posch, F. et al. Maturation of tertiary lymphoid structures and recurrence of stage II and III colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 7, e1378844 (2018).
pubmed: 29416939 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1378844
Forner, A., Reig, M. & Bruix, J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 391, 1301–1314 (2018).
pubmed: 29307467 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30010-2
Jia, W. et al. Protective effect of tertiary lymphoid structures against hepatocellular carcinoma: New findings from a genetic perspective. Front. Immunol. 13, 1007426 (2022).
pubmed: 36189217 pmcid: 9515394 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007426
Zhang, F. P. et al. Intra-tumoral secondary follicle-like tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with a superior prognosis of overall survival of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers 14, 6107 (2022).
pubmed: 36551593 pmcid: 9776022 doi: 10.3390/cancers14246107
Gu-Trantien, C. et al. CD4
pubmed: 23778140 pmcid: 3696556 doi: 10.1172/JCI67428
Gu-Trantien, C. et al. CXCL13-producing TFH cells link immune suppression and adaptive memory in human breast cancer. JCI insight 2, e91487 (2017).
pubmed: 28570278 pmcid: 5453706 doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.91487
Zhou, Y. et al. High endothelial venule is a prognostic immune-related biomarker in patients with resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Prolif. 56, e13513 (2023).
pubmed: 37401015 pmcid: 10693183 doi: 10.1111/cpr.13513
Capitanio, U. & Montorsi, F. Renal cancer. Lancet 387, 894–906 (2016).
pubmed: 26318520 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00046-X
Xu, W. et al. Heterogeneity in tertiary lymphoid structures predicts distinct prognosis and immune microenvironment characterizations of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J. Immunother Cancer 11, e006667 (2023).
pubmed: 38040418 pmcid: 10693897 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006667
An, Y. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structure patterns aid in identification of tumor microenvironment infiltration and selection of therapeutic agents in bladder cancer. Front. Immunol. 13, 1049884 (2022).
pubmed: 36420257 pmcid: 9676505 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049884
Zhou, L., Xu, B., Liu, Y. & Wang, Z. Tertiary lymphoid structure signatures are associated with survival and immunotherapy response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Oncoimmunology 10, 1915574 (2021).
pubmed: 34104539 pmcid: 8143239 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2021.1915574
van Dijk, N. et al. The tumor immune landscape and architecture of tertiary lymphoid structures in urothelial cancer. Front. Immunol. 12, 793964 (2021).
pubmed: 34987518 pmcid: 8721669 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793964
Smyth, E. C. et al. Gastric cancer. Lancet 396, 635–648 (2020).
pubmed: 32861308 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31288-5
Yin, Y. X. et al. Impact of mature tertiary lymphoid structures on prognosis and therapeutic response of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer patients. Front Immunol. 13, 973085 (2022).
pubmed: 36591236 pmcid: 9794571 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973085
He, W. et al. The high level of tertiary lymphoid structure is correlated with superior survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Front. Oncol. 10, 980 (2020).
pubmed: 32733793 pmcid: 7358602 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00980
Harbeck, N. & Gnant, M. Breast cancer. Lancet 389, 1134–1150 (2017).
pubmed: 27865536 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31891-8
Wang, B. et al. The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures provides new insight into the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Front. Immunol. 13, 868155 (2022).
pubmed: 35664009 pmcid: 9161084 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868155
Hou, X. et al. Triple-negative breast cancer survival prediction using artificial intelligence through integrated analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor budding. Cancer 130, 1499–1512 (2024).
pubmed: 38422056 doi: 10.1002/cncr.35261
Liu, X. et al. Distinct tertiary lymphoid structure associations and their prognostic relevance in HER2 positive and negative breast cancers. Oncologist 22, 1316–1324 (2017).
pubmed: 28701569 pmcid: 5679825 doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0029
Saso, S. et al. Endometrial cancer. BMJ 343, d3954 (2011).
pubmed: 21734165 doi: 10.1136/bmj.d3954
Horeweg, N. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures critical for prognosis in endometrial cancer patients. Nat. Commun. 13, 1373 (2022).
pubmed: 35296668 pmcid: 8927106 doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29040-x
Qin, M. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with favorable survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 71, 1431–1442 (2022).
pubmed: 34689225 doi: 10.1007/s00262-021-03093-1
Vincent, A. et al. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet 378, 607–620 (2011).
pubmed: 21620466 pmcid: 3062508 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62307-0
Zou, X. et al. Characterization of intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: cellular properties and prognostic significance. J. Immunother. Cancer 11, e006698 (2023).
pubmed: 37364934 pmcid: 10410893 doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006698
Tanaka, T. et al. Integrated analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in relation to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and patient survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. 58, 277–291 (2023).
pubmed: 36705749 doi: 10.1007/s00535-022-01939-8
Wolff, T., Tai, E. & Miller, T. Screening for skin cancer: an update of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann. Intern. Med. 150, 194–198 (2009).
pubmed: 19189909 doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-3-200902030-00009
Nakamura, M. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures and chemokine landscape in virus-positive and virus-negative Merkel cell carcinoma. Front. Oncol. 12, 811586 (2022).
pubmed: 35223493 pmcid: 8867579 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811586
Mannarino, L. et al. Epithelioid pleural mesothelioma is characterized by tertiary lymphoid structures in long survivors: results from the MATCH Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 5786 (2022).
pubmed: 35628597 pmcid: 9144737 doi: 10.3390/ijms23105786
Benzerdjeb, N. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures in epithelioid malignant peritoneal mesothelioma are associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but not with prognosis. Virchows Arch. 479, 765–772 (2021).
pubmed: 33855595 doi: 10.1007/s00428-021-03099-1
Wu, H. et al. T-cells produce acidic niches in lymph nodes to suppress their own effector functions. Nat. Commun. 11, 4113 (2020).
pubmed: 32807791 pmcid: 7431837 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17756-7
Chang, C. H. et al. Posttranscriptional control of T cell effector function by aerobic glycolysis. Cell 153, 1239–1251 (2013).
pubmed: 23746840 pmcid: 3804311 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.016
Smolen, J. S., Aletaha, D. & McInnes, I. B. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 388, 2023–2038 (2016).
pubmed: 27156434 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8
Rivellese, F. et al. Mast cells in early rheumatoid arthritis associate with disease severity and support B cell autoantibody production. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 77, 1773–1781 (2018).
pubmed: 30127058 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213418
Noort, A. R. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures in rheumatoid arthritis: NF-κB-inducing kinase-positive endothelial cells as central players. Am. J. Pathol. 185, 1935–1943 (2015).
pubmed: 25963989 doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.012
Anders, H. J. et al. Lupus nephritis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 6, 7 (2020).
pubmed: 31974366 doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0141-9
He, N. et al. Association of serum CXCL13 with intrarenal ectopic lymphoid tissue formation in lupus nephritis. J. Immunol. Res. 2016, 4832543 (2016).
pubmed: 27990444 pmcid: 5136399 doi: 10.1155/2016/4832543
Fox, R. I. Sjögren’s syndrome. Lancet 366, 321–331 (2005).
pubmed: 16039337 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66990-5
Bystryn, J. C. & Rudolph, J. L. Pemphigus. Lancet 366, 61–73 (2005).
pubmed: 15993235 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66829-8
Baxter, A. G. The origin and application of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7, 904–912 (2007).
pubmed: 17917672 doi: 10.1038/nri2190
Morille, J. et al. Multiple sclerosis CSF is enriched with follicular T cells displaying a Th1/eomes signature. Neurol Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 9, e200033 (2022).
pubmed: 36266053 pmcid: 9585484 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200033
Magliozzi, R. et al. “Ependymal-in” gradient of thalamic damage in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 92, 670–685 (2022).
pubmed: 35748636 pmcid: 9796378 doi: 10.1002/ana.26448
Gardner, C. et al. Cortical grey matter demyelination can be induced by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the subarachnoid space of MOG-immunized rats. Brain 136, 3596–3608 (2013).
pubmed: 24176976 doi: 10.1093/brain/awt279
Korpos, É. et al. Identification and characterisation of tertiary lymphoid organs in human type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 64, 1626–1641 (2021).
pubmed: 33912981 pmcid: 8187221 doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05453-z
Burkholder, B. M. & Jabs, D. A. Uveitis for the non-ophthalmologist. BMJ 372, m4979 (2021).
pubmed: 33536186 doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4979
Heng, J. S. et al. Comprehensive analysis of a mouse model of spontaneous uveoretinitis using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 26734–26744 (2019).
pubmed: 31843893 pmcid: 6936593 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1915571116
Rebello, A. & Joshi, P. Giant-cell arteritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 387, e36 (2022).
pubmed: 36214594 doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2202567
Graver, J. C. et al. Massive B-cell infiltration and organization into artery tertiary lymphoid organs in the aorta of large vessel giant cell arteritis. Front. Immunol. 10, 83 (2019).
pubmed: 30761147 pmcid: 6361817 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00083
Callen, J. P. Dermatomyositis. Lancet 355, 53–57 (2000).
pubmed: 10615903 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05157-0
Maghrabi, Y. et al. Adult-type dermatomyositis with secondary lymphoid follicles harbouring reactive B-cells component. Neuromuscul. Disord. 31, 881–885 (2021).
pubmed: 34407910 doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.001
Matsubara, S. et al. Tertiary lymphoid organs in the inflammatory myopathy associated with PD-1 inhibitors. J. Immunother. Cancer 7, 256 (2019).
pubmed: 31533865 pmcid: 6751882 doi: 10.1186/s40425-019-0736-4
Chu, Z. et al. Primed macrophages directly and specifically reject allografts. Cell Mol. Immunol. 17, 237–246 (2020).
pubmed: 30948792 doi: 10.1038/s41423-019-0226-0
Baddoura, F. K. et al. Lymphoid neogenesis in murine cardiac allografts undergoing chronic rejection. Am. J. Transpl. 5, 510–516 (2005).
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00714.x
Nowocin, A. K. et al. Characterizing the B-cell and humoral response in tertiary lymphoid organs in kidney allografts. Exp. Clin. Transpl. 17, 330–338 (2019).
doi: 10.6002/ect.2017.0261
Jonker, M., Wubben, J. A., t Hart, B. A. & Haanstra, K. G. Lymphoid-like structures with distinct B cell areas in kidney allografts are not predictive for graft rejection. a non-human primate study. Inflammation 38, 2191–2202 (2015).
pubmed: 26140903 doi: 10.1007/s10753-015-0202-5
Yamada, Y. et al. Biased IL-2 signals induce Foxp3-rich pulmonary lymphoid structures and facilitate long-term lung allograft acceptance in mice. Nat. Commun. 14, 1383 (2023).
pubmed: 36914624 pmcid: 10011523 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36924-z
Olivier, B. J. et al. Vagal innervation is required for the formation of tertiary lymphoid tissue in colitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 46, 2467–2480 (2016).
pubmed: 27457277 doi: 10.1002/eji.201646370
Guedj, K. et al. Adipocytes orchestrate the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs in the creeping fat of Crohn’s disease affected mesentery. J. Autoimmun. 103, 102281 (2019).
pubmed: 31171476 doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.05.009
Ladjemi, M. Z. et al. Increased IgA expression in lung lymphoid follicles in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 199, 592–602 (2019).
pubmed: 30339768 doi: 10.1164/rccm.201802-0352OC
Briend, E. et al. IL-18 associated with lung lymphoid aggregates drives IFNγ production in severe COPD. Respir. Res. 18, 159 (2017).
pubmed: 28830544 pmcid: 5568255 doi: 10.1186/s12931-017-0641-7
Paramasivan, S. et al. Tertiary lymphoid organs: A novel target in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 142, 1673–1676 (2018).
pubmed: 30096389 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.07.024
Song, J. et al. Ectopic lymphoid tissues support local immunoglobulin production in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 141, 927–937 (2018).
pubmed: 29103995 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.014
Wang, Z. Z. et al. B cell-activating factor promotes B cell survival in ectopic lymphoid tissues in nasal Polyps. Front Immunol. 11, 625630 (2020).
pubmed: 33552090 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625630
Hertz, D. et al. Increased male susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with smaller B cell follicles in the lungs. Sci. Rep. 10, 5142 (2020).
pubmed: 32198367 pmcid: 7083901 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61503-3
Regard, L. et al. Effective control of Staphylococcus aureus lung infection despite tertiary lymphoid structure disorganisation. Eur. Respir. J. 57, 2000768 (2021).
pubmed: 33093122 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00768-2020
Omatsu, T. et al. Recurrent fulminant myocarditis accompanied by lymphoid follicle formation in myocardium. Intern. Med. 59, 3045–3049 (2020).
pubmed: 32759592 pmcid: 7759711 doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5268-20
Zhu, M. et al. Cardiac ectopic lymphoid follicle formation in viral myocarditis involving the regulation of podoplanin in Th17 cell differentiation. FASEB j. 35, e21975 (2021).
pubmed: 34618980 doi: 10.1096/fj.202101050RR
Ligon, M. M. et al. Single cell and tissue-transcriptomic analysis of murine bladders reveals age- and TNFα-dependent but microbiota-independent tertiary lymphoid tissue formation. Mucosal Immunol. 13, 908–918 (2020).
pubmed: 32366865 pmcid: 7572484 doi: 10.1038/s41385-020-0290-x
Fantini, D. et al. A Carcinogen-induced mouse model recapitulates the molecular alterations of human muscle invasive bladder cancer. Oncogene 37, 1911–1925 (2018).
pubmed: 29367767 pmcid: 5886988 doi: 10.1038/s41388-017-0099-6
Menees, K. B. et al. Sex- and age-dependent alterations of splenic immune cell profile and NK cell phenotypes and function in C57BL/6J mice. Immun. Ageing 18, 3 (2021).
pubmed: 33419446 pmcid: 7791703 doi: 10.1186/s12979-021-00214-3
Miyamoto, H. et al. Promotion of bladder cancer development and progression by androgen receptor signals. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 99, 558–568 (2007).
pubmed: 17406000 doi: 10.1093/jnci/djk113
Goswami, S. et al. ARID1A mutation plus CXCL13 expression act as combinatorial biomarkers to predict responses to immune checkpoint therapy in mUCC. Sci. Transl. Med. 12, eabc4220 (2020).
pubmed: 32554706 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc4220
Degoricija, M. et al. The dynamics of the inflammatory response during BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice. J. Transl. Med. 17, 394 (2019).
pubmed: 31779626 pmcid: 6883615 doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-02146-5
Rodig, N. et al. Endothelial expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 down-regulates CD8+ T cell activation and cytolysis. Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 3117–3126 (2003).
pubmed: 14579280 doi: 10.1002/eji.200324270
Mao, Y. et al. Prediction values of tertiary lymphoid structures in the prognosis of patients with left- and right-sided colon cancer: a multicenter propensity score-matched study. Int. J. Surg. 109, 2344–2358 (2023).
pubmed: 37247038 pmcid: 10442147 doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000483
Galluzzi, L. et al. Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 17, 725–741 (2020).
pubmed: 32760014 doi: 10.1038/s41571-020-0413-z
Morcrette, G. et al. APC germline hepatoblastomas demonstrate cisplatin-induced intratumor tertiary lymphoid structures. Oncoimmunology 8, e1583547 (2019).
pubmed: 31069152 pmcid: 6492969 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2019.1583547
Cascone, T. et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in operable non-small cell lung cancer: the phase 2 platform NEOSTAR trial. Nat. Med 29, 593–604 (2023).
pubmed: 36928818 pmcid: 10033402 doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02189-0
Ho, W. J. et al. Neoadjuvant cabozantinib and nivolumab converts locally advanced HCC into resectable disease with enhanced antitumor immunity. Nat. Cancer 2, 891–903 (2021).
pubmed: 34796337 pmcid: 8594857 doi: 10.1038/s43018-021-00234-4
Xu, F. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures combined with biomarkers of inflammation are associated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study. Thorac. Cancer 15, 172–181 (2024).
pubmed: 38057283 doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.15175
Xu, F. et al. Combined inflammatory parameters and tertiary lymphoid structure predict prognosis in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Front Immunol. 14, 1244256 (2023).
pubmed: 38155965 pmcid: 10752966 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244256
Gavrielatou, N. et al. B-cell infiltration is associated with survival outcomes following programmed cell death protein 1 inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann. Oncol. 35, 340–350 (2023).
pubmed: 38159908 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.12.011
Zhang, Y. et al. Single-cell analyses reveal key immune cell subsets associated with response to PD-L1 blockade in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell 39, 1578–1593.e1578 (2021).
pubmed: 34653365 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.09.010
Cabrita, R. et al. Author Correction: Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma. Nature 580, E1 (2020).
pubmed: 32238929 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2155-6
Goubet, A. G. et al. Escherichia coli-specific CXCL13-producing TFH are associated with clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade against muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Discov. 12, 2280–2307 (2022).
pubmed: 35929803 doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0201
Deguchi, S. et al. Clinical relevance of tertiary lymphoid structures in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 22, 699 (2022).
pubmed: 35751038 pmcid: 9233387 doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09777-w
Walle, T. et al. Radiotherapy orchestrates natural killer cell dependent antitumor immune responses through CXCL8. Sci. Adv. 8, eabh4050 (2022).
pubmed: 35319989 pmcid: 8942354 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4050
Lhuillier, C. et al. Radiotherapy-exposed CD8+ and CD4+ neoantigens enhance tumor control. J. Clin. Investig. 131, e138740 (2021).
pubmed: 33476307 pmcid: 7919731 doi: 10.1172/JCI138740
Wang, D. et al. Low-dose radiotherapy promotes the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lung adenocarcinoma. Front. Immunol. 14, 1334408 (2023).
pubmed: 38259481 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1334408
Chen, J. et al. Lipid nanoparticle-mediated lymph node-targeting delivery of mRNA cancer vaccine elicits robust CD8(+) T cell response. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2207841119 (2022).
pubmed: 35969778 pmcid: 9407666 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2207841119
Alameh, M. G. et al. Lipid nanoparticles enhance the efficacy of mRNA and protein subunit vaccines by inducing robust T follicular helper cell and humoral responses. Immunity 54, 2877–2892.e2877 (2021).
pubmed: 34852217 pmcid: 8566475 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.11.001
Zheng, L. et al. Vaccine-induced intratumoral lymphoid aggregates correlate with survival following treatment with a neoadjuvant and adjuvant vaccine in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 27, 1278–1286 (2021).
pubmed: 33277370 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-2974
You, X., Koop, K. & Weigert, A. Heterogeneity of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer. Front. Immunol. 14, 1286850 (2023).
pubmed: 38111571 pmcid: 10725932 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286850
Lee, M. et al. Presence of tertiary lymphoid structures determines the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary breast cancer and metastasis. Mod. Pathol. 32, 70–80 (2019).
pubmed: 30154578 doi: 10.1038/s41379-018-0113-8
Li, Z. et al. Development and validation of a machine learning model for detection and classification of tertiary lymphoid structures in gastrointestinal cancers. JAMA Netw. Open 6, e2252553 (2023).
pubmed: 36692877 pmcid: 10408275 doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.52553
Yang, M. et al. Detection and quantitative analysis of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 24, 779–795 (2023).
pubmed: 37701955 doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2200605
Boisson, A. et al. Fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry coupled with other state-of-the-art techniques to systematically characterize the tumor immune microenvironment. Front. Mol. Biosci. 8, 673042 (2021).
pubmed: 34621785 pmcid: 8490683 doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673042
Stowman, A. M. et al. Lymphoid aggregates in desmoplastic melanoma have features of tertiary lymphoid structures. Melanoma Res. 28, 237–245 (2018).
pubmed: 29538091 pmcid: 5912978 doi: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000439
Quigley, L. T. et al. Protocol for investigating tertiary lymphoid structures in human and murine fixed tissue sections using Opal™-TSA multiplex immunohistochemistry. STAR Protoc. 4, 101961 (2023).
pubmed: 36633948 pmcid: 9843255 doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101961
Xie, M. et al. Consolidation radiographic morphology can be an indicator of the pathological basis and prognosis of partially solid nodules. BMC Pulm. Med. 22, 369 (2022).
pubmed: 36171571 pmcid: 9520850 doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-02165-x
Dorraji, E. S. et al. Positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography imaging of tertiary lymphoid structures during the development of lupus nephritis. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharm. 35, 20587384211033683 (2021).
doi: 10.1177/20587384211033683
Beckford Vera, D. R. et al. Immuno-PET imaging of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes using zirconium-89 radiolabeled anti-CD3 antibody in immune-competent mice bearing syngeneic tumors. PLoS One 13, e0193832 (2018).
pubmed: 29513764 pmcid: 5841805 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193832
Rashidian, M. et al. Predicting the response to CTLA-4 blockade by longitudinal noninvasive monitoring of CD8 T cells. J. Exp. Med. 214, 2243–2255 (2017).
pubmed: 28666979 pmcid: 5551571 doi: 10.1084/jem.20161950
Barmpoutis, P. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) identification and density assessment on H&E-stained digital slides of lung cancer. PLoS One 16, e0256907 (2021).
pubmed: 34555057 pmcid: 8460026 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256907
van Rijthoven, M. et al. HookNet: multi-resolution convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation in histopathology whole-slide images. Med. Image Anal. 68, 101890 (2021).
pubmed: 33260110 doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101890
van Rijthoven, M. et al. Multi-resolution deep learning characterizes tertiary lymphoid structures and their prognostic relevance in solid tumors. Commun. Med. 4, 5 (2024).
pubmed: 38182879 pmcid: 10770129 doi: 10.1038/s43856-023-00421-7
Federico, L. et al. Distinct tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte landscapes are associated with clinical outcomes in localized non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol. 33, 42–56 (2022).
pubmed: 34653632 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.09.021
Ahluwalia, P. et al. Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: expanding clinical relevance in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor microenvironment. Cancers. 13, 4037 (2021).
Yang, S. C. et al. Intrapulmonary administration of CCL21 gene-modified dendritic cells reduces tumor burden in spontaneous murine bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 66, 3205–3213 (2006).
pubmed: 16540672 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3619
Lee, J. M. et al. Phase I trial of intratumoral injection of CCL21 gene-modified dendritic cells in lung cancer elicits tumor-specific immune responses and CD8(+) T-cell infiltration. Clin. Cancer Res. 23, 4556–4568 (2017).
pubmed: 28468947 pmcid: 5599263 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2821
Schreibelt, G. et al. Effective clinical responses in metastatic melanoma patients after vaccination with primary myeloid dendritic cells. Clin. Cancer Res. 22, 2155–2166 (2016).
pubmed: 26712687 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2205
Chen, L. et al. Extranodal induction of therapeutic immunity in the tumor microenvironment after intratumoral delivery of Tbet gene-modified dendritic cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 20, 469–477 (2013).
pubmed: 23846252 pmcid: 3775601 doi: 10.1038/cgt.2013.42
Weinstein, A. M. et al. Tbet and IL-36γ cooperate in therapeutic DC-mediated promotion of ectopic lymphoid organogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 6, e1322238 (2017).
pubmed: 28680760 pmcid: 5486180 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2017.1322238
He, T. et al. Oncolytic adenovirus promotes vascular normalization and nonclassical tertiary lymphoid structure formation through STING-mediated DC activation. Oncoimmunology 11, 2093054 (2022).
pubmed: 35800155 pmcid: 9255224 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2093054
Buckley, C. D. et al. Stromal cells in chronic inflammation and tertiary lymphoid organ formation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 33, 715–745 (2015).
pubmed: 25861980 doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120252
Zhu, G. et al. Induction of tertiary lymphoid structures with antitumor function by a lymph node-derived stromal cell line. Front. Immunol. 9, 1609 (2018).
pubmed: 30061886 pmcid: 6054958 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01609
Kalluri, R. The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 16, 582–598 (2016).
pubmed: 27550820 doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.73
Davidson, S. et al. Fibroblasts as immune regulators in infection, inflammation and cancer. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 704–717 (2021).
pubmed: 33911232 doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00540-z
Lee, J. W. et al. Inducing ectopic T cell clusters using stromal vascular fraction spheroid-based immunotherapy to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Adv. Sci. 9, e2203842 (2022).
doi: 10.1002/advs.202203842
Suematsu, S. & Watanabe, T. Generation of a synthetic lymphoid tissue-like organoid in mice. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1539–1545 (2004).
pubmed: 15568019 doi: 10.1038/nbt1039
Okamoto, N. et al. Artificial lymph nodes induce potent secondary immune responses in naive and immunodeficient mice. J. Clin. Investig. 117, 997–1007 (2007).
pubmed: 17364025 pmcid: 1810575 doi: 10.1172/JCI30379
Hsieh, C. H. et al. Potential role of CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cancer. Cancers 14, 294 (2022).
Delvecchio, F. R. et al. Pancreatic cancer chemotherapy is potentiated by induction of tertiary lymphoid structures in mice. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12, 1543–1565 (2021).
pubmed: 34252585 pmcid: 8529396 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.023
Huang, Y. et al. Dual-mechanism-based CTLs infiltration enhancement initiated by Nano-sapper potentiates immunotherapy against immune-excluded tumors. Nat. Commun. 11, 622 (2020).
pubmed: 32001695 pmcid: 6992734 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14425-7
Lim, K. H. & Staudt, L. M. Toll-like receptor signaling. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5, a011247 (2013).
pubmed: 23284045 pmcid: 3579400 doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011247
Robinet, M. et al. Use of toll-like receptor agonists to induce ectopic lymphoid structures in myasthenia gravis mouse models. Front. Immunol. 8, 1029 (2017).
pubmed: 28970832 pmcid: 5609563 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01029
Spalato-Ceruso, M. et al. Pembrolizumab combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide and intra-tumoral injection of the toll-like receptor 4 agonist G100 in patients with advanced pretreated soft tissue sarcoma: results from the PEMBROSARC basket study. J. Hematol. Oncol. 15, 157 (2022).
pubmed: 36303228 pmcid: 9609223 doi: 10.1186/s13045-022-01377-2
Li, L. et al. Anti-HBV response to toll-like receptor 7 agonist GS-9620 is associated with intrahepatic aggregates of T cells and B cells. J. Hepatol. 68, 912–921 (2018).
pubmed: 29247724 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.12.008
Rennert, P. D. et al. Lymph node genesis is induced by signaling through the lymphotoxin beta receptor. Immunity 9, 71–79 (1998).
pubmed: 9697837 doi: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80589-0
Lukashev, M. et al. Targeting the lymphotoxin-beta receptor with agonist antibodies as a potential cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 66, 9617–9624 (2006).
pubmed: 17018619 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0217
De Trez, C. et al. The inhibitory HVEM-BTLA pathway counter regulates lymphotoxin receptor signaling to achieve homeostasis of dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 180, 238–248 (2008).
pubmed: 18097025 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.238
Amouzegar, A. et al. STING agonists as cancer therapeutics. Cancers 13, 2695 (2021).
Yang, H. et al. STING activation reprograms tumor vasculatures and synergizes with VEGFR2 blockade. J. Clin. Investig. 129, 4350–4364 (2019).
pubmed: 31343989 pmcid: 6763266 doi: 10.1172/JCI125413
Chelvanambi, M., Fecek, R. J., Taylor, J. L. & Storkus, W. J. STING agonist-based treatment promotes vascular normalization and tertiary lymphoid structure formation in the therapeutic melanoma microenvironment. J. Immunother Cancer 9, e001906 (2021).
Demaria, O. et al. STING activation of tumor endothelial cells initiates spontaneous and therapeutic antitumor immunity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 15408–15413 (2015).
pubmed: 26607445 pmcid: 4687570 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1512832112
Liu, J. Q. et al. Intratumoral delivery of IL-12 and IL-27 mRNA using lipid nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy. J. Control Release 345, 306–313 (2022).
pubmed: 35301053 pmcid: 9133152 doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.021
Wiley, J. A. et al. Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue elicited by a protein cage nanoparticle enhances protection in mice against diverse respiratory viruses. PLoS One 4, e7142 (2009).
pubmed: 19774076 pmcid: 2743193 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007142
Cao, H. et al. Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 6, 426 (2021).
pubmed: 34916490 pmcid: 8674418 doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00830-x
Kobayashi, Y. & Watanabe, T. Gel-trapped lymphorganogenic chemokines trigger artificial tertiary lymphoid organs and mount adaptive immune responses in vivo. Front. Immunol. 7, 316 (2016).
pubmed: 27597851 pmcid: 4992816 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00316
Jin, X. K. et al. Engineering metal-based hydrogel-mediated tertiary lymphoid structure formation via activation of the STING pathway for enhanced immunotherapy. Mater. Horiz. 10, 4365–4379 (2023).
pubmed: 37455643 doi: 10.1039/D3MH00748K
Zhu, L. et al. Bacteria-mediated metformin-loaded peptide hydrogel reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment in glioblastoma. Biomaterials 288, 121711 (2022).
pubmed: 35948494 doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121711
Zhu, G. et al. Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures: gene-expression profiling and their bioengineering. Front. Immunol. 8, 767 (2017).
pubmed: 28713385 pmcid: 5491937 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00767
Tomei, A. A. et al. Fluid flow regulates stromal cell organization and CCL21 expression in a tissue-engineered lymph node microenvironment. J. Immunol. 183, 4273–4283 (2009).
pubmed: 19734211 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900835
Stachowiak, A. N. & Irvine, D. J. Inverse opal hydrogel-collagen composite scaffolds as a supportive microenvironment for immune cell migration. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 85, 815–828, (2008).
pubmed: 17937415 doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31661
Zhang, Y. et al. 3D printing scaffold vaccine for antitumor immunity. Adv. Mater. 33, e2106768 (2021).
pubmed: 34601760 doi: 10.1002/adma.202106768
Dieudé, M., Kaci, I. & Hébert, M. J. The impact of programmed cell death on the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Front. Immunol. 12, 696311 (2021).
pubmed: 34335608 pmcid: 8320843 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696311
Dieudé, M. et al. Extracellular vesicles derived from injured vascular tissue promote the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in vascular allografts. Am. J. Transpl. 20, 726–738 (2020).
doi: 10.1111/ajt.15707
Dieudé, M. et al. The 20S proteasome core, active within apoptotic exosome-like vesicles, induces autoantibody production and accelerates rejection. Sci. Transl. Med. 7, 318ra200 (2015).
pubmed: 26676607 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac9816
Mourik, B. C. et al. Interactions between type 1 interferons and the Th17 response in tuberculosis: lessons learned from autoimmune diseases. Front. Immunol. 8, 294 (2017).
pubmed: 28424682 pmcid: 5380685 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00294
Gatumu, M. K. et al. Blockade of lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling reduces aspects of Sjögren’s syndrome in salivary glands of non-obese diabetic mice. Arthritis. Res. Ther. 11, R24 (2009).
pubmed: 19222863 pmcid: 2688257 doi: 10.1186/ar2617
Wengner, A. M. et al. CXCR5- and CCR7-dependent lymphoid neogenesis in a murine model of chronic antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 3271–3283 (2007).
pubmed: 17907173 doi: 10.1002/art.22939
Roders, N. et al. SYK inhibition induces apoptosis in germinal center-like B cells by modulating the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia-1, affecting B-cell activation and antibody production. Front. Immunol. 9, 787 (2018).
pubmed: 29740433 pmcid: 5928208 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00787
Penaranda, C., Tang, Q., Ruddle, N. H. & Bluestone, J. A. Prevention of diabetes by FTY720-mediated stabilization of peri-islet tertiary lymphoid organs. Diabetes 59, 1461–1468 (2010).
pubmed: 20299465 pmcid: 2874707 doi: 10.2337/db09-1129
Zhang, N. N. et al. Prognostic impact of tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int. 21, 536 (2021).
pubmed: 34654433 pmcid: 8520238 doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02242-x
Cipponi, A. et al. Neogenesis of lymphoid structures and antibody responses occur in human melanoma metastases. Cancer Res. 72, 3997–4007 (2012).
pubmed: 22850419 doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1377
Rodriguez, A. B. & Engelhard, V. H. Insights into tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures: novel targets for antitumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol. Res. 8, 1338–1345 (2020).
pubmed: 33139300 pmcid: 7643396 doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-20-0432
Vanhersecke, L. et al. Standardized pathology screening of mature tertiary lymphoid structures in cancers. Lab Investig. 103, 100063 (2023).
pubmed: 36801637 doi: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100063
Zhao, H. et al. ImmunoPET imaging of human CD8(+) T cells with novel (68)Ga-labeled nanobody companion diagnostic agents. J. Nanobiotechnol. 19, 42 (2021).
doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00785-9
Sautès-Fridman, C. et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancers: prognostic value, regulation, and manipulation for therapeutic intervention. Front. Immunol. 7, 407 (2016).
pubmed: 27752258 pmcid: 5046074 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00407
Sun, R., Gao, D. S., Shoush, J. & Lu, B. The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity. Semin. Cancer Biol. 86, 280–295 (2022).
pubmed: 35580824 doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002
Zhou, X. et al. CD19(+)IL-10(+) regulatory B cells affect survival of tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients and induce resting CD4(+) T cells to CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Oral. Oncol. 53, 27–35 (2016).
pubmed: 26631955 doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.003
Gan, X. et al. Spatial multimodal analysis revealed tertiary lymphoid structures as a risk stratification indicator in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett. 581, 216513 (2024).
pubmed: 38036041 doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216513
Wu, Z. et al. CD20(+)CD22(+)ADAM28(+) B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Front. Immunol. 13, 865596 (2022).
pubmed: 35634306 pmcid: 9130862 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865596

Auteurs

Lianyu Zhao (L)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

Song Jin (S)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

Shengyao Wang (S)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Zhe Zhang (Z)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Xuan Wang (X)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

Zhanwei Chen (Z)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

Xiaohui Wang (X)

School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

Shengyun Huang (S)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. huangsy28@sdu.edu.cn.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China. huangsy28@sdu.edu.cn.

Dongsheng Zhang (D)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. ds63zhang@sdu.edu.cn.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China. ds63zhang@sdu.edu.cn.

Haiwei Wu (H)

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. hwwu@sdfmu.edu.cn.
School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China. hwwu@sdfmu.edu.cn.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH