Association between COVID-19 Vaccines and Menstrual Disorders: Retrospective Cohort Study of Women Aged 12-55 Years Old in Catalonia, Spain.

During the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines, concerns emerged about potential adverse effects on menstrual health. This study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination-considering the number of doses and vaccine type-and menstrual disorders, specifically heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and amenorrhea (AM). Utilizing electronic health records from the Sistema d'Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP) database in Catalonia, Spain, the retrospective cohort included 1,172,621 vaccinated women aged 12-55 with no prior menstrual disorders observed from 27 December 2020 to 30 June 2023. The incidence rate of HMB and AM increased with the second and third doses of the vaccine. Notably, the AstraZeneca