The effect of sex hormones on sex inversion in the mussel Mytilusgalloprovincialis.

Global changes in the coastal ecosystems of oceans and seas, influenced by natural environmental factors and anthropogenic load, have led to a shift in the sexual structure of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species cultivated in many countries. This paper is the first to study the effects of steroid hormones on sex inversion and mortality in the M. galloprovincialis. A unidirectional pattern of sex change from females to males was observed. A 100% sex change of females was achieved under the influence of the hormone testosterone during the period of post-spring restructuring of the gonads. No sex change occurred when males and females were exposed to 17β-estradiol. The mortality of mollusks did not exceed 5%.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.