Hepatitis B prevalence and risk factors among adults living with HIV in South Africa: a clinic-based cohort study.
Co-infection
HBV
HIV
Risk factors
Journal
BMC infectious diseases
ISSN: 1471-2334
Titre abrégé: BMC Infect Dis
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968551
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
31 Aug 2024
31 Aug 2024
Historique:
received:
05
05
2024
accepted:
12
08
2024
medline:
1
9
2024
pubmed:
1
9
2024
entrez:
30
8
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
People living with HIV (PLHIV) may have concurrent Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, and certain antiretroviral therapies are recommended for HBV-HIV co-infected individuals. Routine screening for Hepatitis B virus may influence management of antiretroviral therapy for PLHIV, but risk factors for co-infection have not been well defined. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for HBV infection among PLHIV in South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective, clinic-based cohort study of adults seeking HIV testing from 2013-2017 in Umlazi township, South Africa. Patients newly diagnosed with HIV were enrolled and subsequently tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg +). We used a Poisson linear regression model to assess which factors, pertaining to sociodemographic status, medical history, clinical symptoms, mental health were associated with HBV. Among 3,105 PLHIV participants in South Africa, 6% were positive for HBV. Males had a higher HBV prevalence (10.4%) than females (5.2%). Within the HBV-positive group, the mean age was 33.2 years, with 38.3% females and 43.9% having completed high school or higher. About 39.9% reported alcohol use, 24.7% had a smoking history, and 8.3% reported substance use in the past year. Older participants born before 1995, when routine infant HBV vaccination was introduced, were more likely to have HBV. In multivariable analyses, smoking history increased HBV risk in females (aPR = 2.58; 95% CI 1.47-2.52), while alcohol use decreased HBV risk in males (aPR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.19-0.70). In a South African cohort, roughly one in 16 PLHIV had HBV co-infection, and this rate was higher in males. The most prominent risk factors for HBV infection in PLHIV were alcohol use, higher income, and smoking history, which may help inform targeted treatment and prevention strategies. Creating HBV-specific screening and prevention strategies for PLHIV may be useful for reducing HBV infections.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
People living with HIV (PLHIV) may have concurrent Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, and certain antiretroviral therapies are recommended for HBV-HIV co-infected individuals. Routine screening for Hepatitis B virus may influence management of antiretroviral therapy for PLHIV, but risk factors for co-infection have not been well defined. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for HBV infection among PLHIV in South Africa.
METHODS
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective, clinic-based cohort study of adults seeking HIV testing from 2013-2017 in Umlazi township, South Africa. Patients newly diagnosed with HIV were enrolled and subsequently tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg +). We used a Poisson linear regression model to assess which factors, pertaining to sociodemographic status, medical history, clinical symptoms, mental health were associated with HBV.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Among 3,105 PLHIV participants in South Africa, 6% were positive for HBV. Males had a higher HBV prevalence (10.4%) than females (5.2%). Within the HBV-positive group, the mean age was 33.2 years, with 38.3% females and 43.9% having completed high school or higher. About 39.9% reported alcohol use, 24.7% had a smoking history, and 8.3% reported substance use in the past year. Older participants born before 1995, when routine infant HBV vaccination was introduced, were more likely to have HBV. In multivariable analyses, smoking history increased HBV risk in females (aPR = 2.58; 95% CI 1.47-2.52), while alcohol use decreased HBV risk in males (aPR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.19-0.70).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
In a South African cohort, roughly one in 16 PLHIV had HBV co-infection, and this rate was higher in males. The most prominent risk factors for HBV infection in PLHIV were alcohol use, higher income, and smoking history, which may help inform targeted treatment and prevention strategies. Creating HBV-specific screening and prevention strategies for PLHIV may be useful for reducing HBV infections.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39215251
doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09746-7
pii: 10.1186/s12879-024-09746-7
pmc: PMC11365233
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
891Subventions
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : K23 AI108293
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : P30 AI060354
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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