PCI in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation.

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
31 Aug 2024
Historique:
medline: 1 9 2024
pubmed: 1 9 2024
entrez: 31 8 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

The benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease and severe aortic stenosis who are undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) remains unclear. In an international trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and at least one coronary-artery stenosis with a fractional flow reserve of 0.80 or less or a diameter stenosis of at least 90% either to undergo PCI or to receive conservative treatment, with all patients also undergoing TAVI. The primary end point was a major adverse cardiac event, defined as a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization. Safety, including bleeding events and procedural complications, was assessed. A total of 455 patients underwent randomization: 227 to the PCI group and 228 to the conservative-treatment group. The median age of the patients was 82 years (interquartile range, 78 to 85), and the median Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Procedural Risk of Mortality score (on a scale from 0 to 100%, with higher scores indicating a greater risk of death within 30 days after the procedure) was 3% (interquartile range, 2 to 4). At a median follow-up of 2 years (interquartile range, 1 to 4), a major adverse cardiac event (primary end point) had occurred in 60 patients (26%) in the PCI group and in 81 (36%) in the conservative-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.99; P = 0.04). A bleeding event occurred in 64 patients (28%) in the PCI group and in 45 (20%) in the conservative-treatment group (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.22). In the PCI group, 7 patients (3%) had PCI procedure-related complications. Among patients with coronary artery disease who were undergoing TAVI, PCI was associated with a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization at a median follow-up of 2 years than conservative treatment. (Funded by Boston Scientific and the Danish Heart Foundation; NOTION-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03058627.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
The benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease and severe aortic stenosis who are undergoing transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) remains unclear.
METHODS METHODS
In an international trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and at least one coronary-artery stenosis with a fractional flow reserve of 0.80 or less or a diameter stenosis of at least 90% either to undergo PCI or to receive conservative treatment, with all patients also undergoing TAVI. The primary end point was a major adverse cardiac event, defined as a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization. Safety, including bleeding events and procedural complications, was assessed.
RESULTS RESULTS
A total of 455 patients underwent randomization: 227 to the PCI group and 228 to the conservative-treatment group. The median age of the patients was 82 years (interquartile range, 78 to 85), and the median Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Procedural Risk of Mortality score (on a scale from 0 to 100%, with higher scores indicating a greater risk of death within 30 days after the procedure) was 3% (interquartile range, 2 to 4). At a median follow-up of 2 years (interquartile range, 1 to 4), a major adverse cardiac event (primary end point) had occurred in 60 patients (26%) in the PCI group and in 81 (36%) in the conservative-treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.99; P = 0.04). A bleeding event occurred in 64 patients (28%) in the PCI group and in 45 (20%) in the conservative-treatment group (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.22). In the PCI group, 7 patients (3%) had PCI procedure-related complications.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with coronary artery disease who were undergoing TAVI, PCI was associated with a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or urgent revascularization at a median follow-up of 2 years than conservative treatment. (Funded by Boston Scientific and the Danish Heart Foundation; NOTION-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03058627.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401513 PMID: 39216095
pubmed: 39216095
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401513
doi:

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT03058627']

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Boston Scientific Corporation
ID : Investigator initiated grant

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Jacob Lønborg (J)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Reza Jabbari (R)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Muhammad Sabbah (M)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).
ORCID: 0000-0001-9798-4752

Karsten T Veien (KT)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Matti Niemelä (M)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Phillip Freeman (P)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Rickard Linder (R)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Dan Ioanes (D)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Christian J Terkelsen (CJ)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Olli A Kajander (OA)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Sasha Koul (S)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Mikko Savontaus (M)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Pasi Karjalainen (P)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Andrejs Erglis (A)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Mikko Minkkinen (M)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Rikke Sørensen (R)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Hans-Henrik Tilsted (HH)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Lene Holmvang (L)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Gintautas Bieliauskas (G)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Julia Ellert (J)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Jarkko Piuhola (J)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Ashkan Eftekhari (A)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Oskar Angerås (O)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Andreas Rück (A)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Evald H Christiansen (EH)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Troels Jørgensen (T)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Burcu T Özbek (BT)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Charlotte Glinge (C)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Lars Søndergaard (L)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Ole De Backer (O)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

Thomas Engstrøm (T)

From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet (J.L., R.J., M. Sabbah, M.M., R.S., H.-H.T., L.H., G.B., T.J., B.T.Ö., C.G., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.L., R.S., L.H., L.S., O.D.B., T.E.), and the Danish Heart Foundation (C.J.T.), Copenhagen, the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (K.T.V., J.E.), the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (P.F., A. Eftekhari), and the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (C.J.T., E.H.C.) - all in Denmark; the Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu (M.N., J.P.), the Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Well-being Services County of Pirkanmaa, and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere (O.A.K.), the Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku (M. Savontaus), and the Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki (P.K., M.M.) - all in Finland; the Department of Medicine, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm (R.L., A.R.), the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (D.I., O.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund (S.K.) - all in Sweden; and the University of Latvia, Riga (A. Erglis).

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