Viviparity is associated with larger female size and higher sexual size dimorphism in a reproductively bimodal lizard.
Zootoca vivipara
body size
egg‐laying
life history
live‐bearing
reproductive mode
Journal
The Journal of animal ecology
ISSN: 1365-2656
Titre abrégé: J Anim Ecol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0376574
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 Sep 2024
03 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
04
04
2024
accepted:
25
07
2024
medline:
3
9
2024
pubmed:
3
9
2024
entrez:
3
9
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Squamate reptiles are central for studying phenotypic correlates of evolutionary transitions from oviparity to viviparity because these transitions are numerous, with many of them being recent. Several models of life-history theory predict that viviparity is associated with increased female size, and thus more female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Yet, the corresponding empirical evidence is overall weak and inconsistent. The lizard Zootoca vivipara, which occupies a major part of Northern Eurasia and includes four viviparous and two non-sister oviparous lineages, represents an excellent model for testing these predictions. We analysed how sex-specific body size and SSD is associated with parity mode, using body length data for nearly 14,000 adult individuals from 97 geographically distinct populations, which cover almost the entire species' range and represent all six lineages. Our analyses controlled for lineage identity, climatic seasonality (the strongest predictor of geographic body size variation in previous studies of this species) and several aspects of data heterogeneity. Parity mode, lineage and seasonality are significantly associated with female size and SSD; the first two predictors accounted for 14%-26% of the total variation each, while seasonality explained 5%-7%. Viviparous populations exhibited a larger female size than oviparous populations, with no concomitant differences in male size. The variation of male size was overall low and poorly explained by our predictors. Albeit fully expected from theory, the strong female bias of the body size differences between oviparous and viviparous populations found in Z. vivipara is not evident from available data on three other lizard systems of closely related lineages differing in parity mode. We confront this pattern with the data on female reproductive traits in the considered systems and the frequencies of evolutionary changes of parity mode in the corresponding lizard families and speculate why the life-history correlates of live-bearing in Z. vivipara are distinct. Comparing conspecific populations, our study provides the most direct evidence for the predicted effect of parity mode on adult body size but also demonstrates that the revealed pattern may not be general. This might explain why across squamates, viviparity is only weakly associated with larger size.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39225034
doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.14170
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : RO 4168/1-3
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology © 2024 British Ecological Society.
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