Hierarchical electrodes with superior cycling performance using porous material based on cellulose nanofiber as flexible substrate.

The development and application of flexible electrodes with extended cycle life have long been a focal point in the field of energy research. In this study, positively charged polyethylene imine (PEI) and conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with negative charge were alternately deposited onto a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) porous material utilizing pressure gradient-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology. The flexible substrate, characterized by a three-dimensional porous structure reinforced with stiff CNF, not only facilitated high charge storage but also enhanced the electrode's cycling life by reducing the volume changes of PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, the exceptional wettability of PEI by the electrolyte could promote efficient charge transport within the electrode. The electrode with 10 PEI/PEDOT:PSS bilayer exhibits a capacitance of 63.71 F g

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.