A singlet-triplet hole-spin qubit in MOS silicon.
Journal
Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 Sep 2024
03 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
02
01
2024
accepted:
19
08
2024
medline:
4
9
2024
pubmed:
4
9
2024
entrez:
3
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Holes in silicon quantum dots are promising for spin qubit applications due to the strong intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. The spin-orbit coupling produces complex hole-spin dynamics, providing opportunities to further optimise spin qubits. Here, we demonstrate a singlet-triplet qubit using hole states in a planar metal-oxide-semiconductor double quantum dot. We demonstrate rapid qubit control with singlet-triplet oscillations up to 400 MHz. The qubit exhibits promising coherence, with a maximum dephasing time of 600 ns, which is enhanced to 1.3 μs using refocusing techniques. We investigate the magnetic field anisotropy of the eigenstates, and determine a magnetic field orientation to improve the qubit initialisation fidelity. These results present a step forward for spin qubit technology, by implementing a high quality singlet-triplet hole-spin qubit in planar architecture suitable for scaling up to 2D arrays of coupled qubits.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39227367
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51902-9
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-51902-9
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
7690Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Hornibrook, J. M. et al. Cryogenic control architecture for large-scale quantum computing. Phys. Rev. Appl. 3, 024010 (2015).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.024010
Veldhorst, M., Eenink, H. G. J., Yang, C.-H. & Dzurak, A. S. Silicon CMOS architecture for a spin-based quantum computer. Nat. Commun. 8, 1766 (2017).
pubmed: 29242497
pmcid: 5730618
doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01905-6
Zwanenburg, F. A. et al. Silicon quantum electronics. Rev. Modern Phys. 85, 961 (2013).
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.961
Loss, D. & DiVincenzo, D. P. Quantum computation with quantum dots. Phys. Rev. A 57, 120 (1998).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.57.120
Burkard, G., Ladd, T. D., Pan, A., Nichol, J. M. & Petta, J. R. Semiconductor spin qubits. Rev. Modern Phys. 95, 025003 (2023).
doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.95.025003
Levy, J. Universal quantum computation with spin-1/2 pairs and Heisenberg exchange. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 147902 (2002).
pubmed: 12366076
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.147902
Petta, J. R. et al. Coherent manipulation of coupled electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots. Science 309, 2180–2184 (2005).
pubmed: 16141370
doi: 10.1126/science.1116955
Maune, B. M. et al. Coherent singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon-based double quantum dot. Nature 481, 344–347 (2012).
pubmed: 22258613
doi: 10.1038/nature10707
Jock, R. M. et al. A silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor electron spin-orbit qubit. Nat. Commun. 9, 1768 (2018).
pubmed: 29720586
pmcid: 5931988
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04200-0
Harvey, S. P. et al. Coupling two spin qubits with a high-impedance resonator. Phys. Rev. B 97, 235409 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.235409
Burkard, G., Gullans, M. J., Mi, X. & Petta, J. R. Superconductor–semiconductor hybrid-circuit quantum electrodynamics. Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 129–140 (2020).
doi: 10.1038/s42254-019-0135-2
Bøttcher, C. G. L. et al. Parametric longitudinal coupling between a high-impedance superconducting resonator and a semiconductor quantum dot singlet-triplet spin qubit. Nat. Commun. 13, 4773 (2022).
pubmed: 35970821
pmcid: 9378792
doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32236-w
Spethmann, M., Bosco, S., Hofmann, A., Klinovaja, J. & Loss, D. High-fidelity two-qubit gates of hybrid superconducting-semiconducting singlet-triplet qubits. Phys. Rev. B 109, 085303 (2024).
Freer, S. et al. A single-atom quantum memory in silicon. Quant. Sci. Technol. 2, 015009 (2017).
doi: 10.1088/2058-9565/aa63a4
Watson, T. F. et al. A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon. Nature 555, 633–637 (2018).
pubmed: 29443962
doi: 10.1038/nature25766
Philips, S. G. J. et al. Universal control of a six-qubit quantum processor in silicon. Nature 609, 919–924 (2022).
pubmed: 36171383
pmcid: 9519456
doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05117-x
Undseth, B. et al. Hotter is easier: unexpected temperature dependence of spin qubit frequencies. Phys. Rev. X 13, 041015 (2024).
Maurand, R. et al. A CMOS silicon spin qubit. Nat. Commun. 7, 13575 (2016).
pubmed: 27882926
pmcid: 5123048
doi: 10.1038/ncomms13575
Camenzind, L. C. et al. A hole spin qubit in a fin field-effect transistor above 4 kelvin. Nat. Electron. 5, 178–183 (2022).
doi: 10.1038/s41928-022-00722-0
Watzinger, H. et al. A germanium hole spin qubit. Nat. Commun. 9, 3902 (2018).
pubmed: 30254225
pmcid: 6156604
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4
Hendrickx, N. W. et al. A single-hole spin qubit. Nat. Commun. 11, 3478 (2020).
pubmed: 32651363
pmcid: 7351715
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17211-7
Hendrickx, N. W. et al. A four-qubit germanium quantum processor. Nature 591, 580–585 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03332-6
pubmed: 33762771
Wang, K. et al. Ultrafast coherent control of a hole spin qubit in a germanium quantum dot. Nat. Commun. 13, 206 (2022).
pubmed: 35017522
pmcid: 8752786
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27880-7
Ares, N. et al. Nature of tunable hole g factors in quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 046602 (2013).
Crippa, A. et al. Electrical spin driving by g-matrix modulation in spin-orbit qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 137702 (2018).
pubmed: 29694195
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.137702
Venitucci, B., Bourdet, L., Pouzada, D. & Niquet, Y.-M. Electrical manipulation of semiconductor spin qubits within the g-matrix formalism. Phys. Rev. B 98, 155319 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.155319
Liles, S. D. et al. Electrical control of the g tensor of the first hole in a silicon MOS quantum dot. Phys. Rev. B 104, 235303 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.104.235303
Froning, F. N. M. et al. Strong spin-orbit interaction and g-factor renormalization of hole spins in Ge/Si nanowire quantum dots. Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 013081 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013081
Abadillo-Uriel, J. C. et al. Hole spin driving by strain-induced spin-orbit interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 097002 (2023).
Sen, A., Frank, G., Kolok, B., Danon, J. & Pályi, A. Classification and magic magnetic-field directions for spin-orbit-coupled double quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 108, 245406 (2023).
Froning, F. N. M. et al. Ultrafast hole spin qubit with gate-tunable spin–orbit switch functionality. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 308–312 (2021).
pubmed: 33432204
doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-00828-6
Prechtel, J. H. et al. Decoupling a hole spin qubit from the nuclear spins. Nat. Mater. 15, 981–986 (2016).
pubmed: 27454044
doi: 10.1038/nmat4704
Wang, Z. et al. Optimal operation points for ultrafast, highly coherent Ge hole spin-orbit qubits. npj Quantum Inf. 7, 54 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s41534-021-00386-2
Bosco, S., Hetényi, B. & Loss, D. Hole spin qubits in Si FinFETs with fully tunable spin-orbit coupling and sweet spots for charge noise. PRX Quantum 2, 010348 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.010348
Piot, N. et al. A single hole spin with enhanced coherence in natural silicon. Nat. Nanotechnol. 17, 1072–1077 (2022).
pubmed: 36138200
pmcid: 9576591
doi: 10.1038/s41565-022-01196-z
Carballido, M. J. et al. A qubit with simultaneously maximized speed and coherence. Preprint at arXiv:2402.07313 (2024).
Jirovec, D. et al. A singlet-triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. Nat. Mater. 20, 1106–1112 (2021).
pubmed: 34083775
doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2
Jirovec, D. et al. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences. Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 126 (2022).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803
Sarkar, A. et al. Electrical operation of planar Ge hole spin qubits in an in-plane magnetic field. Phys. Rev. B 108, 245301 (2024).
Wang, Z. et al. Electrical operation of hole spin qubits in planar MOS silicon quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 109, 075427 (2024).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.109.075427
Geyer, S. et al. Anisotropic exchange interaction of two hole-spin qubits. Nat. Physics 20, 1152–1157 (2024).
Mutter, P. M. & Burkard, G. All-electrical control of hole singlet-triplet spin qubits at low-leakage points. Phys. Rev. B 104, 195421 (2021).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.104.195421
Fowler, A. G., Mariantoni, M., Martinis, J. M. & Cleland, A. N. Surface codes: towards practical large-scale quantum computation. Phys. Rev. A 86, 032324 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.032324
Hill, C. D. et al. A surface code quantum computer in silicon. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500707 (2015).
pubmed: 26601310
pmcid: 4646824
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500707
Li, R. et al. A crossbar network for silicon quantum dot qubits. Sci. Adv. 4, eaar3960 (2018).
pubmed: 29984303
pmcid: 6035036
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3960
Jin, I. K. et al. Combining n-MOS charge sensing with p-MOS silicon hole double quantum dots in a CMOS platform. Nano Lett. 23, 1261–1266 (2023).
pubmed: 36748989
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04417
Sousa de Almeida, A. J. et al. Ambipolar charge sensing of few-charge quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 101, 201301 (2020).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.101.201301
Liles, S. D. et al. Spin and orbital structure of the first six holes in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot. Nat. Commun. 9, 3255 (2018).
pubmed: 30108212
pmcid: 6092405
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05700-9
Studenikin, S. A. et al. Enhanced charge detection of spin qubit readout via an intermediate state. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233101 (2012).
Harvey-Collard, P. et al. High-fidelity single-shot readout for a spin qubit via an enhanced latching mechanism. Phys. Rev. X 8 021046 (2018).
Winkler, R., Papadakis, S., De Poortere, E. & Shayegan, M. Spin-Orbit Coupling in Two-Dimensional Electron and Hole Systems (Springer, 2003).
Hung, J.-T., Marcellina, E., Wang, B., Hamilton, A. R. & Culcer, D. Spin blockade in hole quantum dots: tuning exchange electrically and probing Zeeman interactions. Phys. Rev. B 95, 195316 (2017).
Petta, J. R., Lu, H. & Gossard, A. C. A coherent beam splitter for electronic spin states. Science 327, 669–672 (2010).
Johansson, J. R., Nation, P. D. & Norim, F. Qutip: an open-source python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems. Comput. Phys. Commun. 183, 1760–1772 (2012).
doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2012.02.021
Hanson, R. & Burkard, G. Universal set of quantum gates for double-dot spin qubits with fixed interdot coupling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 050502 (2007).
Dial, O. E. et al. Charge noise spectroscopy using coherent exchange oscillations in a singlet-triplet qubit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 146804 (2013).
Assali, L. V. C. et al. Hyperfine interactions in silicon quantum dots. Phys. Rev. B 83, 165301 (2011).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.165301
Wu, X. et al. Two-axis control of a singlet–triplet qubit with an integrated micromagnet. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 11938–11942 (2014).
Pericles, P., Chesi, S. & Coish, W. A. First-principles hyperfine tensors for electrons and holes in GaAs and silicon. Phys. Rev. B 101, 1153021 (2020).
Wang, X. et al. Composite pulses for robust universal control of singlet–triplet qubits. Nat. Commun. 3, 997 (2012).
Wang, C. A. et al. Operating semiconductor quantum processors with hopping spins. Science 385, 447–452 (2024).
Eenink, H. G. J. et al. Tunable coupling and isolation of single electrons in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots. Nano Lett. 19, 8653–8657 (2019).