Doxorubicin-Trabectedin with Trabectedin Maintenance in Leiomyosarcoma.


Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
05 Sep 2024
Historique:
medline: 4 9 2024
pubmed: 4 9 2024
entrez: 4 9 2024
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The addition of trabectedin to doxorubicin, followed by trabectedin maintenance, may have superior efficacy to doxorubicin alone as first-line treatment in patients with advanced leiomyosarcoma. We conducted a phase 3 trial involving patients with metastatic or unresectable leiomyosarcoma who had not received chemotherapy previously. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either single-agent doxorubicin (six cycles) or doxorubicin plus trabectedin (six cycles), with continued trabectedin as maintenance therapy in patients in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group who did not have disease progression. Surgery to resect residual disease was allowed in each group after six cycles of therapy. Analyses of progression-free survival (primary end point) and overall survival (secondary end point) were adjusted for two stratification factors: tumor origin site (uterine vs. soft tissue) and disease stage (locally advanced vs. metastatic). The primary end-point results were reported previously. A total of 150 patients underwent randomization. At a median follow-up of 55 months (interquartile range, 49 to 63), a total of 107 patients had died (47 in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group and 60 in the doxorubicin group). The median overall survival was longer in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group (33 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26 to 48) than in the doxorubicin group (24 months; 95% CI, 19 to 31); the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.95). In a finding consistent with earlier reports, progression-free survival was longer in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group (12 months; 95% CI, 10 to 16) than in the doxorubicin group (6 months; 95% CI, 4 to 7); the adjusted hazard ratio for progression or death was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.53). The incidence of adverse events and the percentage of patients with dose reductions were higher with doxorubicin plus trabectedin than with doxorubicin alone. Combination therapy with doxorubicin and trabectedin induction, followed by trabectedin maintenance, was associated with improved overall survival and progression-free survival, as compared with doxorubicin alone, among patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable uterine or soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma. (Funded by PharmaMar and others; LMS04 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02997358.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
The addition of trabectedin to doxorubicin, followed by trabectedin maintenance, may have superior efficacy to doxorubicin alone as first-line treatment in patients with advanced leiomyosarcoma.
METHODS METHODS
We conducted a phase 3 trial involving patients with metastatic or unresectable leiomyosarcoma who had not received chemotherapy previously. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either single-agent doxorubicin (six cycles) or doxorubicin plus trabectedin (six cycles), with continued trabectedin as maintenance therapy in patients in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group who did not have disease progression. Surgery to resect residual disease was allowed in each group after six cycles of therapy. Analyses of progression-free survival (primary end point) and overall survival (secondary end point) were adjusted for two stratification factors: tumor origin site (uterine vs. soft tissue) and disease stage (locally advanced vs. metastatic). The primary end-point results were reported previously.
RESULTS RESULTS
A total of 150 patients underwent randomization. At a median follow-up of 55 months (interquartile range, 49 to 63), a total of 107 patients had died (47 in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group and 60 in the doxorubicin group). The median overall survival was longer in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group (33 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26 to 48) than in the doxorubicin group (24 months; 95% CI, 19 to 31); the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.95). In a finding consistent with earlier reports, progression-free survival was longer in the doxorubicin-trabectedin group (12 months; 95% CI, 10 to 16) than in the doxorubicin group (6 months; 95% CI, 4 to 7); the adjusted hazard ratio for progression or death was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.53). The incidence of adverse events and the percentage of patients with dose reductions were higher with doxorubicin plus trabectedin than with doxorubicin alone.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Combination therapy with doxorubicin and trabectedin induction, followed by trabectedin maintenance, was associated with improved overall survival and progression-free survival, as compared with doxorubicin alone, among patients with metastatic or surgically unresectable uterine or soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma. (Funded by PharmaMar and others; LMS04 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02997358.).

Identifiants

pubmed: 39231341
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2403394
doi:

Substances chimiques

Trabectedin ID0YZQ2TCP
Doxorubicin 80168379AG
Dioxoles 0

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT02997358']

Types de publication

Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial, Phase III Multicenter Study Comparative Study

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

789-799

Investigateurs

Antoine Italiano (A)
Patricia Pautier (P)
Sophie Piperno-Neumann (S)
Christine Chevreau (C)
Didier Cupissol (D)
Nicolas Penel (N)
Jérôme Alexandre (J)
François Bertucci (F)
Isabelle Ray-Coquard (I)
Valérie Lebrun-Ly (V)
Elsa Kalbacher (E)
Florence Duffaud (F)
Corinne Delcambre (C)
Emmanuelle Bompas (E)
Olivier Collard (O)
Nicolas Isambert (N)
Cécile Guillemet (C)
Patrick Soulie (P)
Maria Rios (M)
Esma Saada-Bouzid (E)

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Patricia Pautier (P)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Antoine Italiano (A)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Sophie Piperno-Neumann (S)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Christine Chevreau (C)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Nicolas Penel (N)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Nelly Firmin (N)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette (P)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

François Bertucci (F)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Valérie Lebrun-Ly (V)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Isabelle Ray-Coquard (I)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Elsa Kalbacher (E)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Emmanuelle Bompas (E)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Olivier Collard (O)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Nicolas Isambert (N)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Cécile Guillemet (C)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Maria Rios (M)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Axel Le Cesne (A)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Corinne Balleyguier (C)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Baptiste Archambaud (B)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

Florence Duffaud (F)

From the Departments of Medical Oncology (P.P., A.L.C.), Radiology (C.B.), and Biostatistics and Epidemiology (B.A.), Institut Gustave-Roussy, and Oncostat, INSERM Unité 1018, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer (B.A.), Villejuif, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux (A.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie (S.P.-N.), and the Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin-Port Royal (P.B.-R.), Paris, the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (C.C.), Lille University, and the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille (N.P.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional du Cancer, INSERM Unité 1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, and the University of Montpellier, Montpellier (N.F.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (F.B.), the Department of Medical Oncology, La Timone University Hospital (F.D.), and Aix-Marseille Université (F.B., F.D.), Marseille, the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges (V.L.-L.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, and University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon (I.R.-C.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon-Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon (E.K.), Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Angers-Nantes (E.B.), Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez (O.C.), Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon (N.I.), the Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Paul Papin, Rouen (C.G.), and Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy (M.R.) - all in France.

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