Intravascular ICG-enhanced NIRF-IVUS imaging to assess progressive atherosclerotic lesions in excised human coronary arteries.

Indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging enhances the information obtained with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) by visualizing pathobiological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques. To advance our understanding of this hybrid method, we aimed to assess the potential of NIRF-IVUS to identify different stages of atheroma progression by characterizing ICG uptake in human pathological specimens. After excision, 15 human coronary specimens from 13 adult patients were ICG-perfused and imaged with NIRF-IVUS. All specimens were then histopathologically and immunohistochemically assessed. NIRF-IVUS imaging revealed colocalization of ICG-deposition to plaque areas of lipid accumulation, endothelial disruption, neovascularization and inflammation. Moreover, ICG concentrations were significantly higher in advanced coronary artery disease stages (

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Competing interestsV.N. is a founder and equity owner of Maurus OY, sThesis GmbH, iThera Medical GmbH, Spear UG and I3 Inc. F.A.J. – sponsored research: Canon, Siemens, Shockwave, Teleflex, Mercator, Boston Scientific, HeartFlow, Neovasc; consultant/speakers fees: Boston Scientific, Siemens, Philips, Biotronik, Mercator, Abiomed, Medtronic; Equity interest: DurVena. Massachusetts General Hospital – licensing arrangements: Terumo, Canon, Spectrawave, for which F.A.J has the right to receive royalties. F.A.J. is a founder and equity owner if I3 Inc. M.J. reports personal fees from Abbott, Alchimedics S.A.S., Astra Zeneca, Biotronik, Medtronic, Recor, Shockwave, TriCares, Veryan, grants and personal fees from Boston Scientific, Cardiac Dimensions, Edwards and grant from Infraredx, outside the submitted work. P.R., T.L., P.N., L.W., A.B., E.S., G.K., K.L., and D.G. declare no competing interest.