Is Cryptococcus neoformans a pleomorphic fungus?

Improved understanding of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, classically described as a basidiomycete budding yeast, has revealed new infection-relevant single cell morphologies in vivo and in vitro. Here, we ask whether these morphologies constitute true morphotypes, requiring updated classification of C. neoformans as a pleomorphic fungus. We profile recent discoveries of C. neoformans seed cells and titan cells and provide a framework for determining whether these and other recently described single-cell morphologies constitute true morphotypes. We demonstrate that multiple C. neoformans single-cell morphologies are transcriptionally distinct, stable, heritable, and associated with active growth and therefore should be considered true morphotypes in line with the classification in other well-studied fungi. We conclude that C. neoformans is a pleomorphic fungus with an important capacity for morphotype switching that underpins pathogenesis.

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.