The Tiber Island in the history of Dermatology and Venereology including the curious history of "K syndrome", the fictitious disease that scared the Nazis.

The Tiber Island in Rome has a rich history as a center of worship and healthcare. Its origins date back to ancient times, with the establishment of the Temple of Asclepius marking its role in healing practices. Over centuries, it evolved into a hub for medical innovation and refuge during epidemics and conflicts. During World War II, the Fatebenefratelli Hospital on the Tiber Island played a pivotal role in sheltering Jews from Nazi persecution. Using a fictitious disease termed "K syndrome," doctors helped endangered Jewish patients to evade capture and deportation to concentration camps by exploiting Nazi fears of contagion. Patients diagnosed with "K syndrome" were shielded from apprehension, highlighting the hospital's innovative tactics to save lives amidst wartime atrocities. This episode underscores the hospital's courageous efforts and its enduring legacy as a beacon of compassion in the face of adversity.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest