Flexible endoscopic treatment of Zenker's diverticulum-a retrospective, observational multicenter study.

Diverticulotomy Esophageal diverticulum Flexible endoscopic therapy Flexible endoscopic treatment Zenker’s diverticulum

Journal

Surgical endoscopy
ISSN: 1432-2218
Titre abrégé: Surg Endosc
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8806653

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
13 Sep 2024
Historique:
received: 13 06 2024
accepted: 28 08 2024
medline: 14 9 2024
pubmed: 14 9 2024
entrez: 13 9 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

The European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy recommends a primarily flexible endoscopic approach for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum. Due to the rarity of the disorder, evidence for its effectiveness and safety comes mainly from small, retrospective, single-center studies. In this retrospective, observational, multicenter cohort study, data from six German tertiary referral centers were analyzed. The primary outcome parameters were technical and clinical success; among the secondary outcomes, the rates of adverse events (AE) and re-admission with symptomatic recurrence and mortality were the most relevant. Between 2003 and 2024, 384 treatments were performed in 327 patients (61.8% male, mean age 74.70 (± 10.60)). Incision methods/techniques were 250 needle knives, 44 ESD knives, 64 stag beetle knives, 24 staplers, one APC-probe, and one Z-POEM. The Zenker's diverticulum overtube was used in 65.1%, prophylactic clipping in 30.2%, and antibiotic therapy in 25.3% of treatments. The rates of technical and clinical success were 99.2% and 97.4%, and the rates of AE and re-admission with symptomatic recurrence were 11.2% and 16.7%, respectively. Mortality was 0.3%. Comparative subgroup analyses of 312 diverticula without prior treatment versus 72 symptomatic recurrences and incision methods/techniques showed no significant differences in outcome parameters. The use of additional devices and prophylactic measures (clipping, antibiotic therapy) were not independent predictors of technical/clinical success or AE in uni-/multivariable regression analysis. Flexible endoscopic Zenker's diverticulotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment. Recurrences can be treated by flexible endoscopy with comparable results. None of the cutting methods, ancillary devices, or prophylactic measures showed superiority in effectiveness or safety.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
The European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy recommends a primarily flexible endoscopic approach for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum. Due to the rarity of the disorder, evidence for its effectiveness and safety comes mainly from small, retrospective, single-center studies.
METHODS METHODS
In this retrospective, observational, multicenter cohort study, data from six German tertiary referral centers were analyzed. The primary outcome parameters were technical and clinical success; among the secondary outcomes, the rates of adverse events (AE) and re-admission with symptomatic recurrence and mortality were the most relevant.
RESULTS RESULTS
Between 2003 and 2024, 384 treatments were performed in 327 patients (61.8% male, mean age 74.70 (± 10.60)). Incision methods/techniques were 250 needle knives, 44 ESD knives, 64 stag beetle knives, 24 staplers, one APC-probe, and one Z-POEM. The Zenker's diverticulum overtube was used in 65.1%, prophylactic clipping in 30.2%, and antibiotic therapy in 25.3% of treatments. The rates of technical and clinical success were 99.2% and 97.4%, and the rates of AE and re-admission with symptomatic recurrence were 11.2% and 16.7%, respectively. Mortality was 0.3%. Comparative subgroup analyses of 312 diverticula without prior treatment versus 72 symptomatic recurrences and incision methods/techniques showed no significant differences in outcome parameters. The use of additional devices and prophylactic measures (clipping, antibiotic therapy) were not independent predictors of technical/clinical success or AE in uni-/multivariable regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Flexible endoscopic Zenker's diverticulotomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment. Recurrences can be treated by flexible endoscopy with comparable results. None of the cutting methods, ancillary devices, or prophylactic measures showed superiority in effectiveness or safety.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39271511
doi: 10.1007/s00464-024-11234-7
pii: 10.1007/s00464-024-11234-7
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Références

Bizzotto A, Iacopini F, Landi R, Costamagna G (2013) Zenker’s diverticulum: exploring treatment options. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 33:219–229
pubmed: 24043908 pmcid: 3773964
Watemberg S, Landau O, Avrahami R (1996) Zenker’s diverticulum: reappraisal. Am J Gastroenterol 91:1494–1498
pubmed: 8759648
Weusten BLAM, Barret M, Bredenoord AJ, Familiari P, Gonzalez JM, van Hooft JE, Lorenzo-Zuniga V, Louis H, Martinek J, van Meer S, Neumann H, Pohl D, Prat F, von Renteln D, Savarino E, Sweis R, Tack J, Tutuian R, Ishaq S (2020) Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal motility disorders-part 2: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy 52(7):600–614. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1171-3174
doi: 10.1055/a-1171-3174 pubmed: 32462649
Ishaq S, Hassan C, Antonello A, Tanner K, Bellisario C, Battaglia G, Anderloni A, Correale L, Sharma P, Baron TH, Repici A (2016) Flexible endoscopic treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 83(6):1076–1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.039
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.039 pubmed: 26802196
Vogelsang A, Schumacher B, Neuhaus H (2008) Behandlung des Zenkerschen Divertikels. Dtsch Aerztebl 105(7):120–126. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2008.0120.[ArticleinGerman]
doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2008.0120.[ArticleinGerman]
Al Ghamdi SS, Farha J, Moran RA, Pioche M, Moll F, Yang DJ, Hernandez Mondragon OV, Ujiki M, Wong H, Tantau A, Sedarat A, Fejleh MP, Chang K, Lee DP, Nieto JM, Andrawes S, Ginsberg GG, Saumoy M, Bapaye A, Dashatwar P, Meybodi MA, Lopez AC, Sanaei O, Yousaf MN, Jovani M, Ichkhanian Y, Gutierrez OIB, Kumbhari V, O’Rourke A, Lentsch EJ, Elmunzer BJ, Khashab MA (2022) Zenker´s peroral endoscopic myotomy, or flexible or rigid septotomy for Zenker´s diverticulum: a multicenter retrospective comparison. Endoscopy 54(4):345–351. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1518-7223
doi: 10.1055/a-1518-7223 pubmed: 34198355
Aguirre DP, Hourneaux de Moura DT, Hirsch B, Peixoto de Oliveira GH, Taa Kum AS, Mahmood S, Marques Bernardo W, Sharma NR, Guimaraes De Moura E (2023) Flexible endoscopy versus rigid endoscopy or surgery for the management of Zenker’s diverticulum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 15(8):e43021. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43021
doi: 10.7759/cureus.43021
Zhang H, Huang S, Xia H, Shi L, Zeng X, Jiang J, Ren W, Peng Y, Lü M, Tang X (2022) The role of peroral endoscopic myotomy for Zenker’s diverticulum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 36(5):2749–2759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09021-3
doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09021-3 pubmed: 35020054
Wilmsen J, Baumbach R, Stüker D, Weingart V, Neser F, Gölder SK, Pfundstein C, Nötzel EC, Rösch T, Faiss S (2017) New flexible endoscopic controlled stapler technique for the treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum: a case series. World J Gastroenterol 23(17):3084–3091. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i17.3084
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i17.3084 pubmed: 28533665 pmcid: 5423045
Ogilvie AL, Dronfield MW, Ferguson R, Atkinson M (1982) Palliative intubation of oesophagogastric neoplasms at fibreoptic endoscopy. Gut 23(12):1060–1067. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.23.12.1060
doi: 10.1136/gut.23.12.1060 pubmed: 6184269 pmcid: 1419858
Dakkak M, Bennett JR (1992) A new dysphagia score with objective validation. J Clin Gastroenterol 14:99–100. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199203000-00004
doi: 10.1097/00004836-199203000-00004 pubmed: 1556441
Roquette O, Abergel A, Mulliez A, Poincloux L (2017) Usefulness of the Hook knife in flexible endoscopic myotomy for Zenker´s diverticulum. World J Gastrointest Endosc 9:411–416. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v9.i8.411
doi: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i8.411
Laquiere A, Grandval P, Arpurt JP, Boulant J, Belon S, Aboukheir S, Laugier R, Penaranda G, Curel L, Boustiere C (2015) Interest of submucosal dissection knife for endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum. Surg Endosc 29:2802–2810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3976-x
doi: 10.1007/s00464-014-3976-x pubmed: 25475517
Cristiaens P, De Roock W, Van Olmen A, Moons V, D’Haens G (2007) Treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum through a flexible endoscope with a transparent oblique-end hood attached to the tip and monopolar forceps. Endoscopy 39:137–140. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-945118
doi: 10.1055/s-2006-945118
Ishioka S, Sakai P, Maluf Filho F, Melo JM (1995) Endoscopic incision of Zenker’s diverticula. Endoscopy 27:433–437. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1005736
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1005736 pubmed: 8549440
Sakai P, Ishioka S, Maluf-Filho F, Chaves D, Moura EGH (2001) Endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum with an oblique-end hood attaches to the endoscope. Gastrointest Endosc 54:760–763. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2001.119606
doi: 10.1067/mge.2001.119606 pubmed: 11726857
Goelder SK, Brueckner J, Messmann H (2016) Endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum with the stag beetle knife (sb knife)–feasibility and follow-up. Scand J Gastroenterol 51(10):1155–1158. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2016.1186729
doi: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1186729 pubmed: 27218662
Al-Kadi AS, Maghrabi AA, Thomson D, Gillman LM, Dhalla S (2010) Endoscopic treatment of Zenker diverticulum: results of a 7-year experience. J Am Coll Surg 211:239–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.04.011
doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.04.011 pubmed: 20670862
Antonello A, Ishaq S, Zanatta L, Cesarotto M, Constantini M, Battaglia G (2016) The role of flexible endotherapy for the treatment of recurrent Zenker’s diverticula after surgery and endoscopic stapling. Surg Endosc 30:2351–2357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-015-4482-5
doi: 10.1007/s00464-015-4482-5 pubmed: 26335070
Battaglia G, Antonello A, Realdon S, Cesarotto M, Zanatta L, Ishaq S (2015) Flexible endoscopic treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum with the SB Knife. Preliminary results from a single-center experience. Dig Endosc 27:728–733. https://doi.org/10.1111/den.12490
doi: 10.1111/den.12490 pubmed: 25975384
Repici A, Spadaccini M, Belletrutti PJ, Galtieri PA, Fugazza A, Anderloni A, Carrara S, Di Leo M, Pellegatta G, Cappello A, Castoro C, Ichkhanian Y, Khashab MA, Maselli R (2020) Peroral endoscopic septotomy for short-septum Zenker´s diverticulum. Endoscopy 52:563–568. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1127-3304
doi: 10.1055/a-1127-3304 pubmed: 32185781
Huberty V, El Bacha S, Blero D, Le Moine O, Hassid S, Deviere J (2013) Endoscopic treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum: long-term results (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 77(5):701–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.008
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.008 pubmed: 23394840
Sanaei O, Ichkhanian Y, Hernandez Mondragon OV, Nieto J, Krishnan A, Tantau M, Tantau A, Desai PN, Ginsberg GG, Saumoy M, Deshmukh A, Attaar M, Farha J, Jovani M, Al-Ghamdi SS, Ujiki M, Khashab M (2021) Impact of prior treatment on feasibility and outcomes of Zenker´s peroral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM). Endoscopy 53:722–726. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1276-0219
doi: 10.1055/a-1276-0219 pubmed: 33096576
Dişibeyaz S, Kuzu UB, Parlak E, Saygili F, Öztas E, Ari D, Sahin B (2017) Endoscopic treatment of the Zenker diverticulum with flexible endoscopic myotomy: a single tertiary center experience. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 27(6):e136–e140. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLE.0000000000000475
doi: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000475 pubmed: 28984718
Repici A, Pagano N, Romeo F, Danese S, Arosio M, Rando G, Strangio G, Carlino A, Malesci A (2010) Endoscopic flexible treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum: a modification of the needle-knife technique. Endoscopy 42:532–535. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1244163
doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1244163 pubmed: 20593330
Halland M, Grooteman KV, Baron TH (2016) Flexible endosopic management of Zenker’s diverticulum: characteristics and outcomes of 52 cases at a tertiary referral center. Dis Esophagus 29:273–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/dote.12323
doi: 10.1111/dote.12323 pubmed: 25708598
Nass KJ, Zwager LW, van der Vlugt M, Dekker E, Bossuyt PMM, Ravindran S, Thomas-Gibson S, Fockens P (2022) Novel classification for adverse events in GI endoscopy: the AGREE classification. Gastrointest Endosc 95(6):1078–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2021.11.038
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.11.038 pubmed: 34890695
Li LY, Yang YT, Chang MQ, Liang SW, Zhong CQ, Wang XY, Chen Y, Spandorfer RM, Christofaro S, Cai Q (2018) Endoscopic needle-knife treatment for symptomatic esophageal Zenker’s diverticulum: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Dig Dis 19(4):204–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12588
doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.12588 pubmed: 29675866
Evrard S, Le Moine O, Hassid S, Deviere J (2003) Zenker’s diverticulum: a new endoscopic treatment with a soft diverticuloscope. Gastrointest Endosc 58:116–120. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2003.311
doi: 10.1067/mge.2003.311 pubmed: 12838237
Morena-Madrigal EJ, Pérez-Arellano E, Rodríguez-García I (2016) Flexible endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum: thirteen years’ experience in Spain. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 108(6):297–303. https://doi.org/10.17235/reed.2016.4030/2015
doi: 10.17235/reed.2016.4030/2015 pubmed: 27322751
Costamagna G, Iacopini F, Bizzotto A, Familiari P, Tringali A, Perri V, Bella A (2016) Prognostic variables for the clinical success of flexible endoscopic septotomy of Zenker’s diverticulum. Gastrointest Endosc 83:765–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2015.08.044
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.08.044 pubmed: 26344886
Brueckner J, Schneider A, Messmann H, Goelder SK (2016) Long-term symptomatic control of Zenker diverticulum by flexible endoscopic mucomyotomy with the hook knife and predisposing factors for clinical recurrence. Scand J Gastroenterol 51(6):666–671. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2015.1130165
doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1130165 pubmed: 26807604
Rabenstein T, May A, Michel J, Manner H, Pech O, Gossner L, Ell C (2007) Argon plasma coagulation for flexible endoscopic Zenker’s diverticulotomy. Endoscopy 39:141–145. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966164
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-966164 pubmed: 17327972
Rath T, Siebler J, Neurath MF, Nägel A (2018) Treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum using a novel grasping-type scissors forceps allows fast, safe, and effective endoscopic diverticulotomy. Endosc Int Open 6:E659–E663. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0603-3357
doi: 10.1055/a-0603-3357 pubmed: 29868630 pmcid: 5979216
Costamagna G, Iacopini F, Tringali A, Marchese M, Spada C, Familiari P, Mutignani M, Bella A (2007) Zenker’s diverticulotomy: cap-assisted technique versus diverticuloscope-assisted technique. Endoscopy. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-966140
doi: 10.1055/s-2007-966140 pubmed: 18058651
Epping H, Zaichehabi A, Spaun G, Wewalka F, Maieron A, Schöfl R (2022) Flexible diverticulotomy for Zenker’s diverticulum—a bicentric study. Z Gastroenterol 60(09):1320–1325. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1690-7863
doi: 10.1055/a-1690-7863 pubmed: 35148563
Manno M, Manta R, Caruso A, Bertani H, Mirante WG, Osja E, Bassotti G, Congliaro R (2014) Alternative endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum: a case series (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 79:168–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2013.07.012
doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.07.012 pubmed: 23987574
Mulder CJJ (1999) Zapping Zenker’s diverticulum: gastroscopic treatment. Can J Gastroenterol 13:405–407. https://doi.org/10.1155/1999/895947
doi: 10.1155/1999/895947 pubmed: 10377471
Swei E, Pokala SK, Menard-Katcher P, Wagh MS (2023) Comparison of Zenker’s per-oral endoscopic myotomy (Z-POEM) with standard flexible endoscopic septotomy for Zenker’s diverticulum: a prospective study with 2-year follow-up. Surg Endosc 37(9):6818–6823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-023-10136-4
doi: 10.1007/s00464-023-10136-4 pubmed: 37277515
Zhao X, Wang L, Wei N, Zhang J, Ma W, Zhao H, Han X (2019) Risk factors of health care-associated infection in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study performed at a tertiary hospital in China. BMC Geriatr 19:193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1208-x
doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1208-x pubmed: 31324235 pmcid: 6642591
Chan EG, Baker N, Luketich JD, Levy RM (2020) Transoral stapling technique for Zenker’s diverticulum. Oper Tech Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 25:171–189. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2020.05.002
doi: 10.1053/j.optechstcvs.2020.05.002
Lin JC, Chiang AL, Chang WK (2018) Cervical esophageal perforation during endoscopic ultrasonography. Adv Dig Med 5:77–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/aid2.13090
doi: 10.1002/aid2.13090
Loske G, Schorsch T, Dahm C, Martens E, Müller C (2015) Iatrogenic perforation of esophagus successfully treated with endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). Endosc Int Open. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1392566
doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1392566 pubmed: 26716109 pmcid: 4683128
Goelder SK, Brueckner J, Ebigbo A, Messmann H (2018) Double incision and snare resection in symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum: a modification of the stag beetle knife technique. Endoscopy 50(02):137–141. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119286
doi: 10.1055/s-0043-119286

Auteurs

Ingo Steinbrück (I)

Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Evangelisches Diakoniekrankenhaus Freiburg, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. ingo.steinbrueck@diak-fr.de.

Viktor Rempel (V)

Department of Gastroenterology, St. Anna Hospital Herne, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Armin Kuellmer (A)

Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Valentin Miedtke (V)

Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Siegbert Faiss (S)

Department of Gastroenterology, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Academic Teaching Hospital, Universtiy of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Thomas von Hahn (T)

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Jürgen Pohl (J)

Department of Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Johannes Grothaus (J)

Department of Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Matthias Friesicke (M)

Department of Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Arthur Schmidt (A)

Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany.

Hans-Peter Allgaier (HP)

Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Evangelisches Diakoniekrankenhaus Freiburg, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Classifications MeSH