Prenatal environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and their potential mechanisms.
Autism
Autism spectrum disorder
Biomarkers
Early life exposures
Epidemiology
Etiology
Mental health
Prenatal factors
Psychiatry
Journal
BMC medicine
ISSN: 1741-7015
Titre abrégé: BMC Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101190723
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Sep 2024
16 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
03
03
2024
accepted:
05
09
2024
medline:
16
9
2024
pubmed:
16
9
2024
entrez:
15
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is globally increasing in prevalence. The rise of ASD can be partially attributed to diagnostic expansion and advocacy efforts; however, the interplay between genetic predisposition and modern environmental exposures is likely driving a true increase in incidence. A range of evidence indicates that prenatal exposures are critical. Infection during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and maternal obesity are established risk factors for ASD. Emerging areas of research include the effects of maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antibiotics, and exposure to toxicants during pregnancy on brain development and subsequent ASD. The underlying pathways of these risk factors remain uncertain, with varying levels of evidence implicating immune dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, gut microbiome alterations, and hormonal disruptions. This narrative review assesses the evidence of contributing prenatal environmental factors for ASD and associated mechanisms as potential targets for novel prevention strategies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39278907
doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03617-3
pii: 10.1186/s12916-024-03617-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
393Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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