Mammals show faster recovery from capture and tagging in human-disturbed landscapes.


Journal

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
15 Sep 2024
Historique:
received: 23 01 2024
accepted: 29 08 2024
medline: 16 9 2024
pubmed: 16 9 2024
entrez: 15 9 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Wildlife tagging provides critical insights into animal movement ecology, physiology, and behavior amid global ecosystem changes. However, the stress induced by capture, handling, and tagging can impact post-release locomotion and activity and, consequently, the interpretation of study results. Here, we analyze post-tagging effects on 1585 individuals of 42 terrestrial mammal species using collar-collected GPS and accelerometer data. Species-specific displacements and overall dynamic body acceleration, as a proxy for activity, were assessed over 20 days post-release to quantify disturbance intensity, recovery duration, and speed. Differences were evaluated, considering species-specific traits and the human footprint of the study region. Over 70% of the analyzed species exhibited significant behavioral changes following collaring events. Herbivores traveled farther with variable activity reactions, while omnivores and carnivores were initially less active and mobile. Recovery duration proved brief, with alterations diminishing within 4-7 tracking days for most species. Herbivores, particularly males, showed quicker displacement recovery (4 days) but slower activity recovery (7 days). Individuals in high human footprint areas displayed faster recovery, indicating adaptation to human disturbance. Our findings emphasize the necessity of extending tracking periods beyond 1 week and particular caution in remote study areas or herbivore-focused research, specifically in smaller mammals.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39278967
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52381-8
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-52381-8
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

8079

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Hebblewhite, M. & Haydon, D. T. Distinguishing technology from biology: a critical review of the use of GPS telemetry data in ecology. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 365, 2303–2312 (2010).
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0087
Nathan, R. et al. A movement ecology paradigm for unifying organismal movement research. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 19052–19059 (2008).
pubmed: 19060196 pmcid: 2614714 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0800375105
Jeltsch, F. et al. Integrating movement ecology with biodiversity research—exploring new avenues to address spatiotemporal biodiversity dynamics. Mov. Ecol. 1, 6 (2013).
pubmed: 25709820 pmcid: 4337763 doi: 10.1186/2051-3933-1-6
Schlägel, U. E. et al. Movement-mediated community assembly and coexistence. Biol. Rev. 95, 1073–1096 (2020).
pubmed: 32627362 doi: 10.1111/brv.12600
Allen, A. M. & Singh, N. J. Linking movement ecology with wildlife management and conservation. Front. Ecol. Evol. 3, 155 (2016).
Handcock, R. et al. Monitoring animal behaviour and environmental interactions using wireless sensor networks, GPS collars and satellite remote sensing. Sensors 9, 3586–3603 (2009).
pubmed: 22412327 pmcid: 3297144 doi: 10.3390/s90503586
Kays, R., Crofoot, M. C., Jetz, W. & Wikelski, M. Terrestrial animal tracking as an eye on life and planet. Science 348, 6340 (2015).
Jetz, W., Tertitski, G., Kays, R., Mueller, U. & Wikelski, M. Biological earth observation with animal sensors. Trend. Ecol. Evol. 37, 719–724 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.012
Nathan, R. et al. Big-data approaches lead to an increased understanding of the ecology of animal movement. Science 375, eabg1780 (2022).
Wilmers, C. C. et al. The golden age of bio-logging: how animal-borne sensors are advancing the frontiers of ecology. Ecology 96, 1741–1753 (2015).
pubmed: 26378296 doi: 10.1890/14-1401.1
Hughey, L. F., Hein, A. M., Strandburg-Peshkin, A. & Jensen, F. H. Challenges and solutions for studying collective animal behaviour in the wild. Philos.Trans. R Soc. B Biol. Sci. 373, 20170005 (2018).
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0005
Wilson, R. P. et al. Estimates for energy expenditure in free-living animals using acceleration proxies: a reappraisal. J. Animal Ecol. 89, 161–172 (2020).
doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13040
Qasem, L. et al. Tri-axial dynamic acceleration as a proxy for animal energy expenditure; should we be summing values or calculating the vector? PLoS ONE 7, e31187 (2012).
pubmed: 22363576 pmcid: 3281952 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031187
Martín López, L. M., Miller, P. J. O., Aguilar de Soto, N. & Johnson, M. Gait switches in deep-diving beaked whales: biomechanical strategies for long-duration dives. J. Exp. Biol. 218, 1325–1338 (2015).
pubmed: 25954042 doi: 10.1242/jeb.106013
Gunner, R. M. et al. A new direction for differentiating animal activity based on measuring angular velocity about the yaw axis. Ecol. Evol. 10, 7872–7886 (2020).
pubmed: 32760571 pmcid: 7391348 doi: 10.1002/ece3.6515
Wilson, R. P. et al. Moving towards acceleration for estimates of activity-specific metabolic rate in free-living animals: the case of the cormorant. J. Animal Ecol. 75, 1081–1090 (2006).
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01127.x
Gleiss, A. C., Wilson, R. P. & Shepard, E. L. C. Making overall dynamic body acceleration work: on the theory of acceleration as a proxy for energy expenditure. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2, 23–33 (2011).
doi: 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00057.x
Cooke, S. J. et al. Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology. Trend Ecol. Evol. 19, 334–343 (2004).
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.003
McGowan, J. et al. Integrating research using animal-borne telemetry with the needs of conservation management. J. Appl. Ecol. 54, 423–429 (2017).
doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12755
Godfrey, J. & Bryant, D. Effects of radio transmitters: review of recent radio-tracking studies. In Conservation Applications of Mmeasuring Energy Expenditure of New Zealand Birds: Assessing Habitat Quality and Costs of Carrying Radio Transmitters. (ed. Williams, M.) 83–95 (Department of Conservation, 2003).
Mech, D. L. & Barber, S. M. A Critique of Wildlife Radio-Tracking and Its Use in National Parks: a Report to the National Park Service, US Geological Survey. https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/93895 (2002).
Ropert-Coudert, Y. & Wilson, R. Subjectivity in bio-logging science: do logged data mislead? Mem. Nat. Inst. Polar Res. 58, 23–33 (2004).
Healy, M., Chiaradia, A., Kirkwood, R. & Dann, P. Balance: a neglected factor when attaching external devices to penguins. Memoirs Nat. Inst. Polar Res. Special Issue, 179–182 (2004).
Powell, R. A. & Proulx, G. Trapping and marking terrestrial mammals for research: integrating ethics, performance criteria, techniques, and common sense. ILAR J. 44, 259–276 (2003).
pubmed: 13130157 doi: 10.1093/ilar.44.4.259
Iossa, G., Soulsbury, C. & Harris, S. Mammal trapping: a review of animal welfare standards of killing and restraining traps. Animal Welfare 16, 335–352 (2007).
doi: 10.1017/S0962728600027159
Morellet, N. et al. The effect of capture on ranging behaviour and activity of the European Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Wildlife Biol. 15, 278–287 (2009).
doi: 10.2981/08-084
Northrup, J. M., Anderson, C. R. & Wittemyer, G. Effects of helicopter capture and handling on movement behavior of mule deer. J. Wildlife Manag. 78, 731–738 (2014).
doi: 10.1002/jwmg.705
Brogi, R. et al. Capture effects in wild boar: a multifaceted behavioural investigation. Wildlife Biol. 2019, 1–10 (2019).
Theil, P. K., Coutant, A. E. & Olesen, C. R. Seasonal changes and activity-dependent variation in heart rate of Roe deer. J. Mammal. 85, 245–253 (2004).
doi: 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0245:SCAAVI>2.0.CO;2
Grandin, T. & Shivley, C. How farm animals react and perceive stressful situations such as handling, restraint, and transport. Animals 5, 1233–1251 (2015).
pubmed: 26633523 pmcid: 4693213 doi: 10.3390/ani5040409
Bergvall, U. A. et al. Settle down! ranging behaviour responses of Roe deer to different capture and release methods. Animals 11, 3299 (2021).
pubmed: 34828030 pmcid: 8614535 doi: 10.3390/ani11113299
Cattet, M., Boulanger, J., Stenhouse, G., Powell, R. A. & Reynolds-Hogland, M. J. An evaluation of long-term capture effects in ursids: implications for wildlife welfare and research. J. Mammal. 89, 973–990 (2008).
doi: 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-095.1
Alibhai, S. K., Jewell, Z. C. & Towindo, S. S. Effects of immobilization on fertility in female black rhino (Diceros bicornis). J. Zool. 253, 333–345 (2001).
doi: 10.1017/S0952836901000309
Harcourt, R. G., Turner, E., Hall, A., Waas, J. R. & Hindell, M. Effects of capture stress on free-ranging, reproductively active male Weddell seals. J. Comp. Physiol. A 196, 147–154 (2010).
doi: 10.1007/s00359-009-0501-0
Salvo, A. D. Chemical and physical restraint of African wild animals. J. Wildlife Dis. 58, 951–953 (2022).
Pelletier, F., Hogg, J. T. & Festa-Bianchet, M. Effect of chemical immobilization on social status of bighorn rams. Animal Behav. 67, 1163–1165 (2004).
doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.07.009
Brivio, F., Grignolio, S., Sica, N., Cerise, S. & Bassano, B. Assessing the impact of capture on wild animals: the case study of chemical immobilisation on Alpine ibex. PLoS ONE 10, e0130957 (2015).
pubmed: 26111118 pmcid: 4482404 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130957
Arnemo, J. M. et al. Risk of capture-related mortality in large free-ranging mammals: experiences from Scandinavia. Wildlife Biol. 12, 109–113 (2006).
doi: 10.2981/0909-6396(2006)12[109:ROCMIL]2.0.CO;2
Jacques, C. N. et al. Evaluating ungulate mortality associated with helicopter net-gun captures in the Northern great plains. J. Wildlife Manag. 73, 1282–1291 (2009).
doi: 10.2193/2009-039
Wilson, R. P. et al. Animal lifestyle affects acceptable mass limits for attached tags. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 288, 20212005 (2021).
McIntyre, T. Animal telemetry: tagging effects. Science 349, 596–597 (2015).
pubmed: 26250677 doi: 10.1126/science.349.6248.596-b
Brooks, C., Bonyongo, C. & Harris, S. Effects of global positioning system collar weight on zebra behavior and location error. J. Wildlife Manag. 72, 527–534 (2008).
doi: 10.2193/2007-061
Stabach, J. A. et al. Short-term effects of GPS collars on the activity, behavior, and adrenal response of scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah). PLoS ONE 15, e0221843 (2020).
pubmed: 32045413 pmcid: 7012457 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221843
Wilson, R. P. & McMahon, C. R. Measuring devices on wild animals: what constitutes acceptable practice? Front. Ecol. Environ. 4, 147–154 (2006).
doi: 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0147:MDOWAW]2.0.CO;2
van de Bunte, W., Weerman, J. & Hof, A. R. Potential effects of GPS collars on the behaviour of two red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) in Rotterdam Zoo. PLoS ONE 16, e0252456 (2021).
pubmed: 34086742 pmcid: 8177435 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252456
Becciolini, V., Lanini, F. & Ponzetta, M. P. Impact of capture and chemical immobilization on the spatial behaviour of red deer Cervus elaphus hinds. Wildlife Biol. 2019, wlb.00499 (2019).
Mortensen, R. M. & Rosell, F. Long-term capture and handling effects on body condition, reproduction and survival in a semi-aquatic mammal. Sci. Rep. 10, 17886 (2020).
pubmed: 33087816 pmcid: 7578049 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74933-w
Chi, D., Chester, D., Ranger, W. & Gilbert, B. Effects of capture procedures on black bear activity at an Alaskan Salmon stream. Ursus 10, 563–569 (1998).
Hawkins, P. Bio-logging and animal welfare: practical refinements. Mem. Natl Inst. Polar Res. Spec. Issue 58, 58–68 (2004).
Gehrt, S. D., Anchor, C. & White, L. A. Home range and landscape use of coyotes in a metropolitan landscape: conflict or coexistence? J. Mammal. 90, 1045–1057 (2009).
doi: 10.1644/08-MAMM-A-277.1
Prange, S., Gehrt, S. D. & Wiggers, E. P. Influences of anthropogenic resources on Raccoon (Procyon lotor) movements and spatial distribution. J. Mammal. 85, 483–490 (2004).
doi: 10.1644/BOS-121
Samia, D. S. M., Nakagawa, S., Nomura, F., Rangel, T. F. & Blumstein, D. T. Increased tolerance to humans among disturbed wildlife. Nat. Commun. 6, 8877 (2015).
pubmed: 26568451 doi: 10.1038/ncomms9877
Tucker, M. A. et al. Moving in the anthropocene: global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements. Science 359, 466–469 (2018).
pubmed: 29371471 doi: 10.1126/science.aam9712
Ciuti, S. et al. Effects of humans on behaviour of wildlife exceed those of natural predators in a landscape of fear. PLoS ONE 7, e50611 (2012).
pubmed: 23226330 pmcid: 3509092 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050611
Gaynor, K. M., Hojnowski, C. E., Carter, N. H. & Brashares, J. S. The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality. Science 360, 1232–1235 (2018).
pubmed: 29903973 doi: 10.1126/science.aar7121
Chinnadurai, S. K., Strahl-Heldreth, D., Fiorello, C. V. & Harms, C. A. Best-practice guidelines for field-based surgery and anesthesia of free-ranging wildlife. I. Anesthesia and analgesia. J. Wildlife Dis. 52, S14–S27 (2016).
doi: 10.7589/52.2S.S14
Neumann, W., Ericsson, G., Dettki, H. & Arnemo, J. M. Effect of immobilizations on the activity and space use of female moose (Alces alces). Can. J. Zool. 89, 1013–1018 (2011).
doi: 10.1139/z11-076
Woodroffe, R. & Vincent, A. Mother’s little helpers: patterns of male care in mammals. Trend. Ecol. Evol. 9, 294–297 (1994).
doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90033-7
Roche, D. G., Careau, V. & Binning, S. A. Demystifying animal ‘personality’ (or not): why individual variation matters to experimental biologists. J. Exp. Biol. 219, 3832–3843 (2016).
Sloan Wilson, D., Clark, A. B., Coleman, K. & Dearstyne, T. Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals. Trend. Ecol. Evol. 9, 442–446 (1994).
doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1
Schirmer, A., Herde, A., Eccard, J. A. & Dammhahn, M. Individuals in space: personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization. Oecologia 189, 647–660 (2019).
pubmed: 30826867 pmcid: 6418052 doi: 10.1007/s00442-019-04365-5
Lingle, S. & Pellis, S. Fight or flight? antipredator behavior and the escalation of coyote encounters with deer. Oecologia 131, 154–164 (2002).
pubmed: 28547505 doi: 10.1007/s00442-001-0858-4
Quick, J. C. & Spielberger, C. D. Walter Bradford Cannon: pioneer of stress research. Int. J. Stress Manag. 1, 141–143 (1994).
doi: 10.1007/BF01857607
Bracha, S. H. Freeze, flight, fight, fright, faint: adaptationist perspectives on the acute stress response spectrum. CNS Spectr. 9, 679–685 (2004).
pubmed: 15337864 doi: 10.1017/S1092852900001954
Tablado, Z. & Jenni, L. Determinants of uncertainty in wildlife responses to human disturbance. Biol. Rev. 92, 216–233 (2017).
pubmed: 26467755 doi: 10.1111/brv.12224
Santini, L. et al. One strategy does not fit all: determinants of urban adaptation in mammals. Ecol. Lett. 22, 365–376 (2019).
pubmed: 30575254 doi: 10.1111/ele.13199
Milner, J. M., Van Beest, F. M., Schmidt, K. T., Brook, R. K. & Storaas, T. To feed or not to feed? evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates. J. Wildlife Manag. 78, 1322–1334 (2014).
doi: 10.1002/jwmg.798
Alberti, M. et al. Global urban signatures of phenotypic change in animal and plant populations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 114, 8951–8956 (2017).
pubmed: 28049817 pmcid: 5576774 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1606034114
Tucker, M. A. et al. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns. Science 380, 1059–1064 (2023).
pubmed: 37289888 doi: 10.1126/science.abo6499
Erb, P. L., McShea, W. J. & Guralnick, R. P. Anthropogenic influences on macro-level mammal occupancy in the Appalachian trail corridor. PLoS ONE 7, e42574 (2012).
pubmed: 22880038 pmcid: 3412793 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042574
Tuomainen, U. & Candolin, U. Behavioural responses to human-induced environmental change. Biol. Rev. 86, 640–657 (2011).
pubmed: 20977599 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00164.x
Gaynor, K. M. et al. An applied ecology of fear framework: linking theory to conservation practice. Animal Conserv. 24, 308–321 (2021).
doi: 10.1111/acv.12629
Martínez-Abraín, A., Quevedo, M. & Serrano, D. Translocation in relict shy-selected animal populations: program success versus prevention of wildlife-human conflict. Biol. Conserv. 268, 109519 (2022).
doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109519
Gallagher, C. A., Grimm, V., Kyhn, L. A., Kinze, C. C. & Nabe-Nielsen, J. Movement and seasonal energetics mediate vulnerability to disturbance in marine mammal populations. Am. Nat. 197, 296–311 (2021).
pubmed: 33625969 doi: 10.1086/712798
Nabe-Nielsen, J. et al. Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations. Conserv. Lett. 11, e12563 (2018).
Pirotta, E. et al. Understanding the population consequences of disturbance. Ecol. Evol. 8, 9934–9946 (2018).
Wikelski, M., Davidson, S. C. & Kays, R. The Movebank Data Repository. www.movebank.org (2020).
Kranstauber, B., Smolla, M. & Scharf, A. Move: Visualizing and Analyzing Animal Track Data. https://cran.r-project.org/package=move (2020).
Scharf, A. moveACC: Visualitation and Analysis of Acceleration Data (Mainly for eObs Tags). https://gitlab.com/anneks/moveACC/ (2018).
Calenge, C. The package “adehabitat” for the R software: A tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals. Ecol. Model. 197, 516–519 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.017
McGowan, P. J. K. Mapping the terrestrial human footprint. Nature 537, 172–173 (2016).
pubmed: 27604944 doi: 10.1038/537172a
Venter, O. et al. Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation. Nat. Commun. 7, 12558 (2016).
pubmed: 27552116 pmcid: 4996975 doi: 10.1038/ncomms12558
Wood, S. N. Generalized Additive Models 2nd edn, Vol. 496 (Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017).
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1–48 (2015).
Faurby, S. et al. PHYLACINE 1.2: the phylogenetic Atlas of mammal macroecology. Ecology 99, 2626–2626 (2018).
pubmed: 29989146 doi: 10.1002/ecy.2443
Barton, K. MuMIn: Multi-Model Inference. R Package Version 1.15.6. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MuMIn/MuMIn.pdf (2016).
Urbano, F. & Cagnacci, F. Data management and sharing for collaborative science: lessons learnt from the euromammals iInitiative. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9, 727023 (2021).
Gorelick, N. et al. Google earth engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sens. Environ. 202, 18–27 (2017).

Auteurs

Jonas Stiegler (J)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany. stiegler@uni-potsdam.de.
Animal Ecology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany. stiegler@uni-potsdam.de.

Cara A Gallagher (CA)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Robert Hering (R)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Ecology and Macroecology Laboratory, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Thomas Müller (T)

Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA, USA.

Marlee Tucker (M)

Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500, GL Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Marco Apollonio (M)

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Janosch Arnold (J)

Wildlife Research Unit, Agricultural Centre Baden-Wuerttemberg (LAZBW), 88326, Aulendorf, Germany.

Nancy A Barker (NA)

School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Leon Barthel (L)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Bruno Bassano (B)

Gran Paradiso National Park, Turin, Italy.

Floris M van Beest (FMV)

Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.

Jerrold L Belant (JL)

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Anne Berger (A)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Dean E Beyer (DE)

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Laura R Bidner (LR)

Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Mpala Research Centre, 555-10400, Nanyuki, Kenya.

Stephen Blake (S)

Department of Biology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
WildCare Institute, Saint Louis Zoo, 1 Government Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Konstantin Börner (K)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Francesca Brivio (F)

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Rudy Brogi (R)

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar (B)

Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Francesca Cagnacci (F)

Research and Innovation Centre, Animal Ecology Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, 90133, Italy.

Jasja Dekker (J)

Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Stein, Netherlands.

Jane Dentinger (J)

Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute, and Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2138, USA.

Martin Duľa (M)

Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.

Jarred F Duquette (JF)

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Jana A Eccard (JA)

Animal Ecology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Meaghan N Evans (MN)

Danau Girang Field Centre, Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.

Adam W Ferguson (AW)

Mpala Research Centre, 555-10400, Nanyuki, Kenya.
Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago, IL, 60628, USA.

Claudia Fichtel (C)

German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.

Adam T Ford (AT)

Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 1177 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.

Nicholas L Fowler (NL)

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Benedikt Gehr (B)

Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Wayne M Getz (WM)

Department of Environmental Science Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3112, USA.
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.

Jacob R Goheen (JR)

Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.

Benoit Goossens (B)

Danau Girang Field Centre, Sabah Wildlife Department, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.

Stefano Grignolio (S)

Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy.

Lars Haugaard (L)

Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.

Morgan Hauptfleisch (M)

Biodiversity Research Centre, Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

Morten Heim (M)

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway.

Marco Heurich (M)

Department of National Park Monitoring and Animal Management, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany.
Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Institute of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway.

Mark A J Hewison (MAJ)

Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS Castanet-Tolosan, France.

Lynne A Isbell (LA)

Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.

René Janssen (R)

Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Stein, Netherlands.

Anders Jarnemo (A)

School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.

Florian Jeltsch (F)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Jezek Miloš (J)

Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.

Petra Kaczensky (P)

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway.
Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1160, Vienna, Austria.

Tomasz Kamiński (T)

Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.

Peter Kappeler (P)

German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.

Katharina Kasper (K)

Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.

Todd M Kautz (TM)

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Sophia Kimmig (S)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Petter Kjellander (P)

Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 730 91, Riddarhyttan, Sweden.

Rafał Kowalczyk (R)

Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.

Stephanie Kramer-Schadt (S)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Ecology, Chair of Planning-Related Animal Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Potsdam, Germany.

Max Kröschel (M)

Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Anette Krop-Benesch (A)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Peter Linderoth (P)

Wildlife Research Unit, Agricultural Centre Baden-Wuerttemberg (LAZBW), 88326, Aulendorf, Germany.

Christoph Lobas (C)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Peter Lokeny (P)

Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago, IL, 60628, USA.

Mia-Lana Lührs (ML)

German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
Büro Renala, Gülper Hauptstr. 4, 14715, Havelaue, Germany.

Stephanie S Matsushima (SS)

Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.

Molly M McDonough (MM)

Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King Drive, Chicago, IL, 60628, USA.

Jörg Melzheimer (J)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Nicolas Morellet (N)

Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS Castanet-Tolosan, France.

Dedan K Ngatia (DK)

Mpala Research Centre, 555-10400, Nanyuki, Kenya.

Leopold Obermair (L)

Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
Hunting Association of Lower Austria, Wickenburggasse 3, 1080, Vienna, Austria.

Kirk A Olson (KA)

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway.

Kidan C Patanant (KC)

Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, 80333, München, Germany.

John C Payne (JC)

Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Tyler R Petroelje (TR)

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Manuel Pina (M)

Tragsatec, C. de Julián Camarillo, 6B, San Blas-Canillejas, 28037, Madrid, Spain.

Josep Piqué (J)

Tragsatec, C. de Julián Camarillo, 6B, San Blas-Canillejas, 28037, Madrid, Spain.

Joseph Premier (J)

Department of National Park Monitoring and Animal Management, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany.
Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Jan Pufelski (J)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Lennart Pyritz (L)

German Primate Center, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.

Maurizio Ramanzin (M)

Dipertimento di agronomia, animali, alimenti, risorse naturali e ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy.

Manuel Roeleke (M)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Christer M Rolandsen (CM)

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway.

Sonia Saïd (S)

Office Français de la Biodiversité, Montfort, 01330, Birieux, France.

Robin Sandfort (R)

Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.

Krzysztof Schmidt (K)

Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.

Niels M Schmidt (NM)

Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Carolin Scholz (C)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Nadine Schubert (N)

Department of Behavioural Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.

Nuria Selva (N)

Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
Departamento de Ciencias Integradas, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.

Agnieszka Sergiel (A)

Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.

Laurel E K Serieys (LEK)

Panthera, 8 W 40th St, 18th Floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA.

Václav Silovský (V)

Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.

Rob Slotow (R)

Amarula Elephant Research Programme, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

Leif Sönnichsen (L)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.
Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland.

Erling J Solberg (EJ)

Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway.

Mikkel Stelvig (M)

Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Garrett M Street (GM)

Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.

Peter Sunde (P)

Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.

Nathan J Svoboda (NJ)

Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Division, 11255 W. 8th Street, AK, USA.

Maria Thaker (M)

Center for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.

Maxi Tomowski (M)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Evolutionary Biology / Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.

Wiebke Ullmann (W)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Abi T Vanak (AT)

School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India.
Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, Clinical and Public Health Program, Bengaluru, India.

Bettina Wachter (B)

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany.

Stephen L Webb (SL)

Texas A&M Natural Resources Institute, and Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2138, USA.

Christopher C Wilmers (CC)

Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.

Filip Zieba (F)

Tatra National Park, Zakopane, Poland.

Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica (T)

Tatra National Park, Zakopane, Poland.

Niels Blaum (N)

Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH