Large-scale exome array summary statistics resources for glycemic traits to aid effector gene prioritization.

effector genes exome chip genetic discovery glycaemic traits summary statistics resources

Journal

Wellcome open research
ISSN: 2398-502X
Titre abrégé: Wellcome Open Res
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101696457

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2023
Historique:
accepted: 02 10 2023
medline: 16 9 2024
pubmed: 16 9 2024
entrez: 16 9 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Genome-wide association studies for glycemic traits have identified hundreds of loci associated with these biomarkers of glucose homeostasis. Despite this success, the challenge remains to link variant associations to genes, and underlying biological pathways. To identify coding variant associations which may pinpoint effector genes at both novel and previously established genome-wide association loci, we performed meta-analyses of exome-array studies for four glycemic traits: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, up to 144,060 participants), fasting glucose (FG, up to 129,665 participants), fasting insulin (FI, up to 104,140) and 2hr glucose post-oral glucose challenge (2hGlu, up to 57,878). In addition, we performed network and pathway analyses. Single-variant and gene-based association analyses identified coding variant associations at more than 60 genes, which when combined with other datasets may be useful to nominate effector genes. Network and pathway analyses identified pathways related to insulin secretion, zinc transport and fatty acid metabolism. HbA1c associations were strongly enriched in pathways related to blood cell biology. Our results provided novel glycemic trait associations and highlighted pathways implicated in glycemic regulation. Exome-array summary statistic results are being made available to the scientific community to enable further discoveries.

Sections du résumé

Background UNASSIGNED
Genome-wide association studies for glycemic traits have identified hundreds of loci associated with these biomarkers of glucose homeostasis. Despite this success, the challenge remains to link variant associations to genes, and underlying biological pathways.
Methods UNASSIGNED
To identify coding variant associations which may pinpoint effector genes at both novel and previously established genome-wide association loci, we performed meta-analyses of exome-array studies for four glycemic traits: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, up to 144,060 participants), fasting glucose (FG, up to 129,665 participants), fasting insulin (FI, up to 104,140) and 2hr glucose post-oral glucose challenge (2hGlu, up to 57,878). In addition, we performed network and pathway analyses.
Results UNASSIGNED
Single-variant and gene-based association analyses identified coding variant associations at more than 60 genes, which when combined with other datasets may be useful to nominate effector genes. Network and pathway analyses identified pathways related to insulin secretion, zinc transport and fatty acid metabolism. HbA1c associations were strongly enriched in pathways related to blood cell biology.
Conclusions UNASSIGNED
Our results provided novel glycemic trait associations and highlighted pathways implicated in glycemic regulation. Exome-array summary statistic results are being made available to the scientific community to enable further discoveries.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18754.1 PMID: 39280063 PMC: PMC11399760
pubmed: 39280063
doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18754.1
pmc: PMC11399760
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

483

Informations de copyright

Copyright: © 2023 Willems SM et al.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing interests: Rebecca S. Fine: Rebecca S. Fine is currently employed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. Audrey Y Chu: Currently employed by GlaxoSmithkline. Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori: Dennis Mook-Kanamori is working as a part-time clinical research consultant for Metabolon, Inc. Paul W. Franks: PWF has been a paid consultant for Eli Lilly and Sanofi Aventis and has received research support from several pharmaceutical companies as part of a European Union Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) project. Mike A. Nalls: Dr. Mike A. Nalls is supported by a consulting contract between Data Tecnica International LLC and the National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. Dr. Nalls also consults for Illumina Inc., the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and the University of California Healthcare. Mark J. Caulfield: MJC is Chief Scientist for Genomics England, a UK government company. Joel N. Hirschhorn: JHN is on the scientific advisory board of Camp4 Therapeutics. Erik Ingelsson: Erik Ingelsson is now an employee of GlaxoSmithKline. Anubha Mahajan: Anubha Mahajan is an employee of Genentech since January 2020, and a holder of Roche stock. Mark I McCarthy: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. MMcC has served on advisory panels for Pfizer, NovoNordisk and Zoe Global, has received honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and research funding from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. As of June 2019, MMcC is an employee of Genentech, and a holder of Roche stock. Inês Barroso: IB and spouse declare stock ownership in GlaxoSmithkline and Incyte Ltd. James B. Meigs: JBM serves as an Academic Associate for Quest Diagnostics R&D Bruce M Psaty serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project funded by Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Sander W. van der Laan has received Roche funding for unrelated work. Matthias Blüher received honoraria as a consultant and speaker from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, Pfizer and Sanofi. Vinicius Tragante: VT became an employee of deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc. after the conclusion of this work Dr Franco is employed by ErasmusAGE, a center for aging research across the life course funded by Nestlé Nutrition (Nestec Ltd.) and Metagenics.

Auteurs

Sara M Willems (SM)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
General Medicine Center, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, 66421, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6803-3007

Natasha H J Ng (NHJ)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.

Juan Fernandez (J)

Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.

Rebecca S Fine (RS)

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Current address: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.

Eleanor Wheeler (E)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

Jennifer Wessel (J)

Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Departments of Epidemiology & Medicine, Schools of Public Health & Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Diabetes Translational Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Hidetoshi Kitajima (H)

Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.

Gaelle Marenne (G)

Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

Xueling Sim (X)

Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Hanieh Yaghootkar (H)

Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.

Shuai Wang (S)

Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Sai Chen (S)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Yuning Chen (Y)

Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Yii-Der Ida Chen (YI)

The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

Niels Grarup (N)

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5526-1070

Ruifang Li-Gao (R)

Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0650-1351

Tibor V Varga (TV)

Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden.

Jennifer L Asimit (JL)

Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4857-2249

Shuang Feng (S)

Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Rona J Strawbridge (RJ)

Mental Health and Wellbeing, School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8506-3585

Erica L Kleinbrink (EL)

Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201-1928, USA.

Tarunveer S Ahluwalia (TS)

COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark.

Ping An (P)

Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6162-8780

Emil V Appel (EV)

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.

Dan E Arking (DE)

McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Juha Auvinen (J)

Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.

Lawrence F Bielak (LF)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Nathan A Bihlmeyer (NA)

McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Jette Bork-Jensen (J)

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.

Jennifer A Brody (JA)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Archie Campbell (A)

Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0198-5078

Audrey Y Chu (AY)

Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Gail Davies (G)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Ayse Demirkan (A)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.

James S Floyd (JS)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Franco Giulianini (F)

Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Xiuqing Guo (X)

The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

Stefan Gustafsson (S)

Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75237, Sweden.

Anne U Jackson (AU)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Johanna Jakobsdottir (J)

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

Marjo-Riitta Järvelin (MR)

Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Richard A Jensen (RA)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Stavroula Kanoni (S)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi (S)

Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
MRC and Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.

Man Li (M)

Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Yingchang Lu (Y)

The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.

Jian'an Luan (J)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Alisa K Manning (AK)

Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Jonathan Marten (J)

Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.

Karina Meidtner (K)

Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.

Dennis O Mook-Kanamori (DO)

Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.

Taulant Muka (T)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Giorgio Pistis (G)

Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Bram Prins (B)

Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

Kenneth M Rice (KM)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Serena Sanna (S)

Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3768-1749

Albert Vernon Smith (AV)

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Jennifer A Smith (JA)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.

Lorraine Southam (L)

Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

Heather M Stringham (HM)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2991-6392

Vinicius Tragante (V)

Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8223-8957

Sander W van der Laan (SW)

Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Helen R Warren (HR)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Jie Yao (J)

The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

Andrianos M Yiorkas (AM)

Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK.

Weihua Zhang (W)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.

Wei Zhao (W)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Mariaelisa Graff (M)

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.

Heather M Highland (HM)

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas School of Public Health; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston;, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3583-8239

Anne E Justice (AE)

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.

Eirini Marouli (E)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6179-1609

Carolina Medina-Gomez (C)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.

Saima Afaq (S)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.

Wesam A Alhejily (WA)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Najaf Amin (N)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.

Folkert W Asselbergs (FW)

Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.

Lori L Bonnycastle (LL)

Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Michiel L Bots (ML)

Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands.

Ivan Brandslund (I)

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark.

Ji Chen (J)

Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.

John Danesh (J)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB18RN, UK.

Renée de Mutsert (R)

Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.

Abbas Dehghan (A)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Tapani Ebeling (T)

Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, 90220, Finland.

Paul Elliott (P)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Imperial College NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
Health Data Research UK, Imperial College London, London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7511-5684

Aliki-Eleni Farmaki (AE)

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece.
Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.

Jessica D Faul (JD)

Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.

Paul W Franks (PW)

Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Steve Franks (S)

Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.

Andreas Fritsche (A)

German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Anette P Gjesing (AP)

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.

Mark O Goodarzi (MO)

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.

Vilmundur Gudnason (V)

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5696-0084

Göran Hallmans (G)

Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.

Tamara B Harris (TB)

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.

Karl-Heinz Herzig (KH)

Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-572, Poland.

Marie-France Hivert (MF)

Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Torben Jørgensen (T)

Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, 9100, Denmark.

Marit E Jørgensen (ME)

Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark.
National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Odense, 5000, Denmark.

Pekka Jousilahti (P)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7190-0979

Eero Kajantie (E)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Maria Karaleftheri (M)

Echinos Medical Centre, Echinos, Greece.

Sharon L R Kardia (SLR)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Leena Kinnunen (L)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.

Heikki A Koistinen (HA)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland.
Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland.

Pirjo Komulainen (P)

Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.

Peter Kovacs (P)

Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.

Johanna Kuusisto (J)

Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.

Markku Laakso (M)

Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.

Leslie A Lange (LA)

Department of Medicine, Division of Bioinformatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.

Lenore J Launer (LJ)

Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3238-7612

Aaron Leong (A)

Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Jaana Lindström (J)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.

Jocelyn E Manning Fox (JE)

Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4157-2094

Satu Männistö (S)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.

Nisa M Maruthur (NM)

Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Leena Moilanen (L)

Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.

Antonella Mulas (A)

Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6856-1483

Mike A Nalls (MA)

Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, 20812, USA.

Matthew Neville (M)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.

James S Pankow (JS)

Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.

Alison Pattie (A)

Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Eva R B Petersen (ERB)

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.

Hannu Puolijoki (H)

South Ostobothnia Central Hospital, Seinajoki, 60220, Finland.

Asif Rasheed (A)

Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.

Paul Redmond (P)

Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Frida Renström (F)

Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, SE-205 02, Sweden.
Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.

Michael Roden (M)

German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8200-6382

Danish Saleheen (D)

Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.

Juha Saltevo (J)

Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, 40620, Finland.

Kai Savonen (K)

Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70029, Finland.

Sylvain Sebert (S)

Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Tea Skaaby (T)

Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark.

Kerrin S Small (KS)

Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4566-0005

Alena Stančáková (A)

Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.

Jakob Stokholm (J)

COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Konstantin Strauch (K)

Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.

E-Shyong Tai (ES)

Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.

Kent D Taylor (KD)

The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2756-4370

Betina H Thuesen (BH)

Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark.

Anke Tönjes (A)

Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.

Emmanouil Tsafantakis (E)

Anogia Medical Centre, Anogia, Greece.

Tiinamaija Tuomi (T)

Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.

Jaakko Tuomilehto (J)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Matti Uusitupa (M)

Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland.

Marja Vääräsmäki (M)

PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Department of Welfare, Children, Adolescents and Families Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.

Ilonca Vaartjes (I)

Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3508GA, The Netherlands.

Magdalena Zoledziewska (M)

Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.

Goncalo Abecasis (G)

Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Beverley Balkau (B)

INSERM U1018, Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, France.

Hans Bisgaard (H)

COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Alexandra I Blakemore (AI)

Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK.

Matthias Blüher (M)

Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Heiner Boeing (H)

Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.

Eric Boerwinkle (E)

The Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.

Klaus Bønnelykke (K)

COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Erwin P Bottinger (EP)

The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA.

Mark J Caulfield (MJ)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

John C Chambers (JC)

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK.

Daniel I Chasman (DI)

Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Ching-Yu Cheng (CY)

Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.

Francis S Collins (FS)

Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Josef Coresh (J)

Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Francesco Cucca (F)

Italian National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biomedic Research, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy.

Gert J de Borst (GJ)

Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.

Ian J Deary (IJ)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1733-263X

George Dedoussis (G)

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece.

Panos Deloukas (P)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Hester M den Ruijter (HM)

Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.

Josée Dupuis (J)

Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Michele K Evans (MK)

Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.

Ele Ferrannini (E)

CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Oscar H Franco (OH)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Harald Grallert (H)

German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.

Torben Hansen (T)

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8748-3831

Andrew T Hattersley (AT)

University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.

Caroline Hayward (C)

Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9405-9550

Joel N Hirschhorn (JN)

Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Arfan Ikram (A)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.

Erik Ingelsson (E)

Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, USA.

Fredrik Karpe (F)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2751-1770

Kay-Tee Kaw (KT)

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8802-2903

Wieland Kiess (W)

Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Jaspal S Kooner (JS)

Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK.
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.

Antje Körner (A)

Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Timo Lakka (T)

Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70029, Finland.
Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.

Claudia Langenberg (C)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5017-7344

Lars Lind (L)

Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology; EpiHealth, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.

Cecilia M Lindgren (CM)

Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
The Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.

Allan Linneberg (A)

Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, 2000, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0994-0184

Leonard Lipovich (L)

Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201-1928, USA.
Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.

Ching-Ti Liu (CT)

Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Jun Liu (J)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.

Yongmei Liu (Y)

Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.

Ruth J F Loos (RJF)

The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA.
The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10069, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8532-5087

Patrick E MacDonald (PE)

Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, Canada.

Karen L Mohlke (KL)

Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

Andrew D Morris (AD)

Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.

Patricia B Munroe (PB)

William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.

Alison Murray (A)

Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4915-4847

Sandosh Padmanabhan (S)

British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3869-5808

Colin N A Palmer (CNA)

Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF, UK.

Gerard Pasterkamp (G)

Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands.

Oluf Pedersen (O)

Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.

Patricia A Peyser (PA)

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Ozren Polasek (O)

Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.

David Porteous (D)

Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1249-6106

Michael A Province (MA)

Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA.

Bruce M Psaty (BM)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Departments of Epidemiology, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA.

Rainer Rauramaa (R)

Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, 70100, Finland.

Paul M Ridker (PM)

Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Olov Rolandsson (O)

Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 85, Sweden.

Patrik Rorsman (P)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.

Frits R Rosendaal (FR)

Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.

Igor Rudan (I)

Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK.

Veikko Salomaa (V)

Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7563-5324

Matthias B Schulze (MB)

Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.

Robert Sladek (R)

Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.

Blair H Smith (BH)

Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5362-9430

Timothy D Spector (TD)

Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.

John M Starr (JM)

Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

Michael Stumvoll (M)

Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.

Cornelia M van Duijn (CM)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2374-9204

Mark Walker (M)

Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.

Nick J Wareham (NJ)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1422-2993

David R Weir (DR)

Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.

James G Wilson (JG)

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

Tien Yin Wong (TY)

Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.

Eleftheria Zeggini (E)

Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.

Alan B Zonderman (AB)

Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.

Jerome I Rotter (JI)

The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

Andrew P Morris (AP)

Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Michael Boehnke (M)

Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Jose C Florez (JC)

Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Mark I McCarthy (MI)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Current address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.

James B Meigs (JB)

Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Anubha Mahajan (A)

Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Current address: Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.

Robert A Scott (RA)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.

Anna L Gloyn (AL)

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1205-1844

Inês Barroso (I)

MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5800-4520

Classifications MeSH