Disentangling social, environmental, and zoonotic transmission pathways of a gastrointestinal protozoan (Blastocystis spp.) in northeast Madagascar.
Blastocystis
Madagascar
infectious disease transmission
network analysis
Journal
American journal of biological anthropology
ISSN: 2692-7691
Titre abrégé: Am J Biol Anthropol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101770171
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Sep 2024
17 Sep 2024
Historique:
revised:
22
08
2024
received:
30
04
2024
accepted:
05
09
2024
medline:
17
9
2024
pubmed:
17
9
2024
entrez:
17
9
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Understanding disease transmission is a fundamental challenge in ecology. We used transmission potential networks to investigate whether a gastrointestinal protozoan (Blastocystis spp.) is spread through social, environmental, and/or zoonotic pathways in rural northeast Madagascar. We obtained survey data, household GPS coordinates, and fecal samples from 804 participants. Surveys inquired about social contacts, agricultural activity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Fecal samples were screened for Blastocystis using DNA metabarcoding. We also tested 133 domesticated animals for Blastocystis. We used network autocorrelation models and permutation tests (network k-test) to determine whether networks reflecting different transmission pathways predicted infection. We identified six distinct Blastocystis subtypes among study participants and their domesticated animals. Among the 804 human participants, 74% (n = 598) were positive for at least one Blastocystis subtype. Close proximity to infected households was the most informative predictor of infection with any subtype (model averaged OR [95% CI]: 1.56 [1.33-1.82]), and spending free time with infected participants was not an informative predictor of infection (model averaged OR [95% CI]: 0.95 [0.82-1.10]). No human participant was infected with the same subtype as the domesticated animals they owned. Our findings suggest that Blastocystis is most likely spread through environmental pathways within villages, rather than through social or animal contact. The most likely mechanisms involve fecal contamination of the environment by infected individuals or shared food and water sources. These findings shed new light on human-pathogen ecology and mechanisms for reducing disease transmission in rural, low-income settings.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e25030Subventions
Organisme : NIH-NSF-NIFA Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Program
ID : R01-TW011493
Organisme : Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences
ID : BCS-2200047
Organisme : Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences
ID : BCS-2341234
Informations de copyright
© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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