Trifold origin of the reptilian ear ossicle and its relation to the evolutionary modification of the temporal skull region.
blastema condensations
extracolumella
feeding
hearing
homology
quadrate derivative
Journal
Journal of anatomy
ISSN: 1469-7580
Titre abrégé: J Anat
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0137162
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
19 Sep 2024
19 Sep 2024
Historique:
revised:
14
06
2024
received:
29
03
2024
accepted:
16
06
2024
medline:
19
9
2024
pubmed:
19
9
2024
entrez:
19
9
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Whereas mammals are characterized by the presence of three middle ear ossicles, reptiles have only one, the columella (stapes). Nevertheless, there is a great diversity of columellar anatomy among sauropsids, especially in the unique and cartilaginous "extracolumella"-portion. Molecular studies revealed the "columella" of chicken and quails to be formed within the second pharyngeal arch, although conflicting evidence exists for the columellar footplate and distal parts of the columella in these birds. We studied columellar development in four turtles, one lizard, and one caiman species and argue, using early blastematous stages, that, distally, the so-called "extracolumella" in turtles is mainly of quadrate, that is, first pharyngeal arch origin. Differently, the dorsal aspect of the "extracolumella" of the lizard and a part of the "dorsal columella process" of the caiman are likely quadrate-derived. This indicates only a partial homology of the distal columellar compartments among reptiles. Moreover, we observed in most species that, at early stages, the footplate differentiates from the otic capsule, which confirms widespread experimental findings of mesodermal cells contributing to the proximal part of the columella. We provide a hypothetical framework for the changes in the columella and quadrate morphology in reptilian evolution. Originally, as evidenced by the fossil record, the columella served as a stabilizing brace between the quadrate and braincase. Associated with changes in the feeding mode of late Permian taxa, the quadrate was integrated along the stress flows from biting, and in early development part of the quadrate differentiated to differently contribute to the distal part of the "columella-complex," which now contacts the tympanic membrane. In addition, part of the original otic capsule contributes to the footplate of the mobile columella, providing a connection with the inner ear.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : WE-5440/6-1
Organisme : Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; São Paulo Research Foundation (grants 2018/18145-9 and 2021/09535-0)
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society.
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