Real-world evaluation of nivolumab utilization in adjuvant treatment of localized muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.

In 2022, nivolumab was granted marketing authorization for adjuvant treatment in patients at high risk of recurrence following surgery for localized invasive muscle urothelial carcinoma, who express PD-L1 on the operative specimen. We aimed to investigate its real-world utilization. Our bi-centric real-world study, conducted at Foch Hospital and Georges Pompidou European Hospital between July 2022 and January 2024, included patients who underwent surgery for urothelial carcinoma or were referred for adjuvant nivolumab treatment at these centers. A total of 200 patients underwent surgery during the study period, of whom 70 met the high-risk criteria, with 46% of these patients not receiving adjuvant treatment due to ineligibility. Our survival outcomes among patients treated by nivolumab are consistent with the results of the CheckMate 274 study Our real-world data align with existing literature regarding adjuvant nivolumab in localized invasive muscle urothelial carcinoma.

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