Oceanographical-driven dispersal and environmental variation explain genetic structure in an upwelling coastal ecosystem.


Journal

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
20 Sep 2024
Historique:
received: 12 04 2024
accepted: 11 09 2024
medline: 21 9 2024
pubmed: 21 9 2024
entrez: 20 9 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

The seascape comprises multiple environmental variables that interact with species biology to determine patterns of spatial genetic variation. The environment imposes spatially variable selective forces together with homogenizing and diverging drivers that facilitate or restrict dispersal, which is a complex, time-dependent process. Understanding how the seascape influences spatial patterns of genetic variation remains elusive, particularly in coastal upwelling systems. Here, we combine genome-wide SNP data, Lagrangian larval dispersal simulated over a hydrodynamic model, and ocean environmental information to quantify the relative contribution of ocean circulation and environmental heterogeneity as drivers of the spatial genetic structure of two congeneric intertidal limpets, Scurria scurra and S. araucana, along the central coast of Chile. We find that a genetic break observed in both limpet species coincides with a break in connectivity shown by the Lagrangian dispersal, suggesting that mean ocean circulation is an important seascape feature, in particular for S. scurra. For S. araucana, environmental variation appears as a better predictor of genetic structure than ocean circulation. Overall, our study shows broad patterns of seascape forcing on genetic diversity and contributes to our understanding of the complex ecological and evolutionary interactions along coastal upwelling systems.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39304706
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72841-x
pii: 10.1038/s41598-024-72841-x
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

21942

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Liggins, L., Treml, E. A. & Riginos, C. Seascape genomics: Contextualizing adaptive and neutral genomic variation in the ocean environment. In Population genomics: marine organisms (eds Oleksiak, M. & Rajora, O.) 171–218 (Springer, 2019).
doi: 10.1007/13836_2019_68
Selkoe, K. A., Henzler, C. M. & Gaines, S. D. Seascape genetics and the spatial ecology of marine populations. Fish. Fish.9, 363–377 (2008).
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00300.x
Treml, E. et al. Reproductive output and duration of the pelagic larval stage determine seascape-wide connectivity of marine populations. Integr. Comp. Biol.52 (4), 525–537 (2012).
pubmed: 22821585 doi: 10.1093/icb/ics101
Aiken, C. M. & Navarrete, S. A. Incorporating the connectivity timescale in metapopulation partitioning. Am. Nat.196 (2), 145–156 (2020).
pubmed: 32673099 doi: 10.1086/709548
Siegel, D. A. et al. The stochastic nature of larval connectivity among nearshore marine populations. P Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.105 (26), 8974–8979 (2008).
doi: 10.1073/pnas.0802544105
Jahnke, M. & Jonsson, P. R. Biophysical models of dispersal contribute to seascape genetic analyses. Philos. Trans. R Soc. B. 377, 20210024 (2022).
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0024
Selkoe, K. A. et al. A decade of seascape genetics: contributions to basic and applied marine connectivity. Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser.554 (1), 1–19 (2016).
doi: 10.3354/meps11792
Ewers-Saucedo, C. et al. The oceanic concordance of phylogeography and biogeography: a case study in Notochthamalus. Ecol. Evol.6 (13), 4403–4420 (2016).
pubmed: 27386084 pmcid: 4930989 doi: 10.1002/ece3.2205
Nanninga, G. B., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Manica, A. & Berumen, M. L. Environmental gradients predict the genetic population structure of a coral reef fish in the Red Sea. Mol. Ecol.23 (3), 591–602 (2014).
pubmed: 24320929 doi: 10.1111/mec.12623
Saenz-Agudelo, P., Dibattista, J. D., Piatek, M. J. & Michelle, R. Seascape genetics along environmental gradients in the Arabian Peninsula: insights from ddRAD sequencing of anemonefishes. Mol. Ecol.24, 6241–6255 (2015).
pubmed: 26577830 doi: 10.1111/mec.13471
Selkoe, K. A. et al. Taking the chaos out of genetic patchiness: seascape genetics reveals ecological and oceanographic drivers of genetic patterns in three temperate reef species. Mol. Ecol.19, 3708–3726 (2010).
pubmed: 20723063 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04658.x
Cowen, R. K. & Sponaugle, S. Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.1, 443–466 (2009).
doi: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163757
Watson, J. R. et al. Realized and potential larval connectivity in the Southern California Bight. Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser.401, 31–48 (2010).
doi: 10.3354/meps08376
Strub PT et al. 1998 Coastal ocean circulation off western South America. In: Robinson AR, Brink KH (eds) The Sea. John Wiley, 273–313
Aiken, C. M., Navarrete, S. A., Castillo, M. I. & Castilla, J. C. Along-shore larval dispersal kernels in a numerical ocean model of the central Chilean coast. Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser.339, 13–24 (2007).
doi: 10.3354/meps339013
Thiel, M. et al. The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.45, 195–344 (2007).
Faúndez, J., Acary-Robert, C., Aiken, C., Rousseau, A. & Navarrete, S. Circulation Variability inside the Coastal Boundary Layer along the Upwelling off Central Chile Solved in a high-resolution Model [Manuscript Submitted for Publication] (Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2022).
Aguirre, C. et al. Recent changes in the low-level jet along the subtropical west coast of South America. Atmos. 12 (4), 465 (2021).
doi: 10.3390/atmos12040465
Navarrete, S. A., Wieters, E. A., Broitman, B. R. & Castilla, J. C. Scales of benthic–pelagic coupling and the intensity of species interactions: from recruitment limitation to top-down control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 102 (50), 18046–18051 (2005).
pubmed: 16332959 pmcid: 1312419 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0509119102
Navarrete, S. A., Barahona, M., Weidberg, N. & Broitman, B. R. Climate change in the coastal ocean: shifts in pelagic productivity and regionally diverging dynamics of coastal ecosystems. Proc. R Soc. B. 289, 20212772 (2022).
pubmed: 35259989 pmcid: 8914614 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2772
Lara, C. et al. Coastal biophysical processes and the biogeography of rocky intertidal species along the south-eastern Pacific. J. Biogeogr.46 (2), 420–431 (2019).
doi: 10.1111/jbi.13492
Tapia, F. J., Largier, J. L., Castillo, M., Wieters, E. A. & Navarrete, S. A. Latitudinal discontinuity in thermal conditions along the nearshore of central-northern Chile. PLoS ONE. 9 (10), 1–11 (2014).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110841
Aguirre, C., García-Loyola, S., Testa, G., Silva, D. & Farias, L. Insight into anthropogenic forcing on coastal upwelling off south-central Chile. Elem. Sci. Anth. 6 (1), 59 (2018).
doi: 10.1525/elementa.314
Morales, C. E., Hormazabal, S., Andrade, I. & Correa-Ramirez, M. A. Time-space variability of chlorophyll-a and associated physical variables within the region off Central-Southern Chile. Remote Sens.5 (11), 5550–5571 (2013).
doi: 10.3390/rs5115550
Weidberg, N. et al. Spatial shifts in productivity of the coastal ocean over the past two decades induced by migration of the Pacific Anticyclone and Bakun effect in the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem. Glob Planet. Change. 193, 103259 (2020).
doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103259
Camus, P. A. Biogeografía marina de Chile continental. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.74 (3), 587–617 (2001).
doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2001000300008
Cárdenas, L., Castilla, J. C. & Viard, F. A phylogeographical analysis across three biogeographical provinces of the south-eastern Pacific: the case of the marine gastropod Concholepas concholepas. J. Biogeogr.36 (5), 969–981 (2009).
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02056.x
Haye, P. A. et al. Phylogeographic structure in benthic marine invertebrates of the southeast pacific coast of Chile with differing dispersal potential. PLoS ONE. 9 (2), 1–15 (2014).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088613
Zakas, C., Binford, J., Navarrete, S. A. & Wares, J. P. Restricted gene flow in Chilean barnacles reflects an oceanographic and biogeographic transition zone. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.394(2), 165–177 (2009).
doi: 10.3354/meps08265
Sánchez, R., Sepúlveda, R. D., Brante, A. & Cárdenas, L. Spatial pattern of genetic and morphological diversity in the direct developer Acanthina Monodon (Gastropoda: Mollusca). Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser.434, 121–131 (2011).
doi: 10.3354/meps09184
Broitman, B. R., Navarrete, S. A., Smith, F. & Gaines, S. D. Geographic variation of southeastern pacific intertidal communities. Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser.224, 21–34 (2001).
doi: 10.3354/meps224021
Broitman, B. R., Aguilera, M. A., Lagos, N. A. & Lardies, M. A. Phenotypic plasticity at the edge: contrasting population-level responses at the overlap of the leading and rear edges of the geographical distribution of two Scurria limpets. J. Biogeogr.45 (10), 2314–2325 (2018).
doi: 10.1111/jbi.13406
Broitman, B. R. et al. Phenotypic plasticity is not a cline: thermal physiology of an intertidal barnacle over 20° of latitude. J. Anim. Ecol.90 (8), 1961–1972 (2021).
pubmed: 33942301 doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13514
Wieters, E. A., Broitman, B. R. & Brancha, G. M. Benthic community structure and spatiotemporal thermal regimes in two upwelling ecosystems: comparisons between South Africa and Chile. Limnol. Oceanogr.54 (4), 1060–1072 (2009).
doi: 10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1060
Boulanger, E. et al. Climate differently influences the genomic patterns of two sympatric marine fish species. J. Anim. Ecol.91 (6), 1180–1195 (2022).
pubmed: 34716929 doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13623
Bird, C. E., Holland, B. S., Bowen, B. W. & Toonen, R. J. Contrasting phylogeography in three endemic hawaiian limpets (Cellana spp.) with similar life histories. Mol. Ecol.16 (15), 3173–3186 (2007).
pubmed: 17651195 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03385.x
Lesson, R. P. Voyage autour du monde, sur la Corvette la Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825 - Zoologie, vol 2 (Arthus-Bertrand, (1830).
Orbigny, A. D. Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale. Mollusques (France). 5, 409–488 (1841).
Espoz, C., Lindberg, D. R., Castilla, J. C. & Simison, W. B. Los patelogastrópodos intermareales de Chile Y Perú. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.77 (2), 257–283 (2004).
doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2004000200006
Ríoz Cardoza, C. F. Dinámica del asentamiento larvario de Scurria scurra (Lesson, 1830) (Gastropoda: Acmaeidae) en el intermareal rocoso de Mehuín (X Región). Master dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile (1992).
Kay, M. C. & Emlet, R. B. Laboratory spawning, larval development, and metamorphosis of the limpets Lottia digitalis and Lottia asmi (Patellogastropoda, Lottiidae). Invertebr Biol.121 (1), 11–24 (2002).
doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2002.tb00125.x
Kolbin, K. G. & Kulikova, V. A. Reproduction and larval development of the limpet Lottia persona (Rathke, 1833) (Gastropoda: Lottiidae). Russ J. Mar. Biol.37 (3), 239–242 (2011).
doi: 10.1134/S1063074011030072
Kuo, E. S. L. & Sanford, E. Northern distribution of the seaweed limpet Lottia insessa (Mollusca: Gastropoda) along the Pacific Coast. Pac. Sci.67 (2), 303–313 (2013).
doi: 10.2984/67.2.12
Page, L. R. Apical sensory organ in larvae of the patellogastropod Tectura scutum. Biol. Bull.202 (1), 6–22 (2002).
pubmed: 11842011 doi: 10.2307/1543218
Asorey, C. M. Diversificación y coexistencia de Lottidae (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda) en la costa del Pacífico Suroriental. PhD thesis, Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile (2017).
Peluso, L., Broitman, B. R., Lardies, M. A., Nespolo, R. F. & Saenz-Agudelo, P. Comparative population genetics of congeneric limpets across a biogeographic transition zone reveals common patterns of genetic structure and demographic history. Mol. Ecol.32 (14), 3812–3825 (2023).
pubmed: 37161893 doi: 10.1111/mec.16978
Aguilera, M. A. The functional roles of herbivores in the rocky intertidal systems in Chile: a review of food preferences and consumptive effects. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.84, 241–261 (2011).
doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2011000200009
Catchen, J., Hohenlohe, P. A., Bassham, S., Amores, A. & Cresko, W. A. Stacks: an analysis tool set for population genomics. Mol. Ecol.22 (11), 3124–3140 (2013).
pubmed: 23701397 pmcid: 3936987 doi: 10.1111/mec.12354
Danecek, P. et al. The variant call format and VCFtools. Bioinformatics. 27 (15), 2156–2158 (2011).
pubmed: 21653522 pmcid: 3137218 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr330
O’Leary, S. J., Puritz, J. B., Willis, S. C., Hollenbeck, C. M. & Portnoy, D. S. These aren’t the loci you’re looking for: principles of effective SNP filtering for molecular ecologists. Mol. Ecol.27 (16), 3193–3206 (2018).
doi: 10.1111/mec.14792
Zheng, X. et al. A high-performance computing toolset for relatedness and principal component analysis of SNP data. Bioinformatics. 28 (24), 3326–3328 (2012).
pubmed: 23060615 pmcid: 3519454 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts606
Jombart, T. & Ahmed, I. Adegenet 1.3-1: new tools for the analysis of genome-wide SNP data. Bioinformatics. 27 (21), 3070–3071 (2011).
pubmed: 21926124 pmcid: 3198581 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr521
Frichot, E. & François, O. LEA: an R package for landscape and ecological association studies. Methods Ecol. Evol.6, 925–929 (2015).
doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12382
Assis, J. et al. Bio-ORACLE v2.0: extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling. Glob Ecol. Biogeogr. 27 (3), 277–284 (2017).
doi: 10.1111/geb.12693
Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37 (12), 4302–4315 (2017).
doi: 10.1002/joc.5086
Bosch, S. & Fernandez, S. sdmpredictors: species distribution modelling predictor datasets. R package version 0.2.11. (2021). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sdmpredictors
Hijmans, R. J. raster: geographic data analysis and modeling. R package version 3.5–11. (2021). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster
Risien, C. M. & Chelton, D. B. A global climatology of surface wind and wind stress fields from eight years of QuikSCAT scatterometer data. J. Phys. Oceanogr.38 (11), 2379–2413 (2008).
doi: 10.1175/2008JPO3881.1
Carton, J. A. & Giese, B. S. A reanalysis of ocean climate using simple Ocean Data assimilation (SODA). Mon Weather Rev.136 (8), 2999–3017 (2008).
doi: 10.1175/2007MWR1978.1
Paris, C. B., Helgers, J., van Sebille, E. & Srinivasan, A. Connectivity modeling system: a probabilistic modeling tool for the multi-scale tracking of biotic and abiotic variability in the ocean. Environ. Model. Softw.42, 47–54 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.12.006
Burgess, S. C. et al. Beyond connectivity: how empirical methods can quantify population persistence to improve marine protected-area design. Ecol. Appl.24 (2), 257–270 (2014).
pubmed: 24689139 doi: 10.1890/13-0710.1
Lett, C., Nguyen-Huu, T., Cuif, M., Saenz-Agudelo, P. & Kaplan, D. M. Linking local retention, self-recruitment, and persistence in marine metapopulations. Ecology. 96 (8), 2236–2244 (2015).
pubmed: 26405748 doi: 10.1890/14-1305.1
Kaplan, D. M. et al. Uncertainty in empirical estimates of marine larval connectivity. ICES J. Mar. Sci.74 (6), 1723–1734 (2017).
doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsw182
Jacobi, M. N., André, C., Döös, K. & Jonsson, P. R. Identification of subpopulations from connectivity matrices. Ecography. 35 (11), 1004–1016 (2012).
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07281.x
Revelle, W. psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. R package version 2.1.9 (2021). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych
Blanchet, F. G., Legendre, P. & Borcard, D. Modelling directional spatial processes in ecological data. Ecol. l Model.215 (4), 325–336 (2008).
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.001
Dray, S. et al. adespatial: multivariate multiscale spatial analysis. R package version 0.3–14. (2021). https://github.com/sdray/adespatial
Blanchet, F. G., Legendre, P. & Borcard, D. Forward selection of explanatory variables. Ecology. 89 (9), 2623–2632 (2008).
pubmed: 18831183 doi: 10.1890/07-0986.1
Oksanen, J. et al. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.5-7. (2020). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Forester, B. R., Lasky, J. R., Wagner, H. H. & Urban, D. L. Comparing methods for detecting multilocus adaptation with multivariate genotype–environment associations. Mol. Ecol.27 (9), 2215–2233 (2018).
pubmed: 29633402 doi: 10.1111/mec.14584
Saenz-Agudelo, P. et al. Population genomic analyses reveal hybridization and marked differences in genetic structure of Scurria limpet sister species with parapatric distributions across the South Eastern Pacific. Ecol. Evol.12 (5), 1–13 (2022).
doi: 10.1002/ece3.8888
Fraser, C. I., Thiel, M., Spencer, H. G. & Waters, J. M. Contemporary habitat discontinuity and historic glacial ice drive genetic divergence in Chilean kelp. BMC Evol. Biol.10 (1), 1–12 (2010).
doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-203
Quesada-Calderón, S., Giles, E. C., Morales-González, S. & Saenz-Agudelo, P. Pinpointing genetic breaks in the southeastern Pacific: Phylogeography and genetic structure of a commercially important tunicate. J. Biogeogr.48 (10), 2604–2615 (2021).
doi: 10.1111/jbi.14227
Fernandez, M. et al. Diversity, dynamics and biogeography of Chilean benthic nearshore ecosystems: an overview and guidelines for conservation. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.73, 797–830 (2000).
doi: 10.4067/S0716-078X2000000400021
Brattström, H. & Johanssen, A. Ecological and regional zoogeography of the marine benthic fauna of Chile. Sarsia. 68 (4), 289–339 (1983).
doi: 10.1080/00364827.1983.10420583
Spalding, M. D. et al. Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience. 57 (7), 573–583 (2007).
doi: 10.1641/B570707
Brante, A., Fernandez, M. & Viard, F. Phylogeography and biogeography concordance in the marine gastropod Crepipatella dilatata (Calyptraeidae) along the southeastern Pacific coast. J. Hered.103(5), 630–637 (2012).
pubmed: 22573790 doi: 10.1093/jhered/ess030
Ibáñez, C. M. & Poulin, E. Genetic structure and diversity of squids with contrasting life histories in the Humboldt current. Hidrobiológica24(1), 1–10 (2014).
Segovia, N. I., Gallardo-Escárate, C., Poulin, E. & Haye, P. A. Lineage divergence, local adaptation across a biogeographic break, and artificial transport, shape the genetic structure in the ascidian Pyura chilensis. Sci. Rep.7, 1–12 (2017).
doi: 10.1038/srep44559
Dauphin, B. et al. Re-thinking the environment in landscape genomics. Trends Ecol. Evol.38 (3), 261–274 (2023).
pubmed: 36402651 doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.010
Fraser, C. I., Velásquez, M., Nelson, W. A., Macaya, E. C. & Hay, C. H. The biogeographic importance of buoyancy in macroalgae: a case study of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae), including descriptions of two new species. J. Phycol.56 (1), 23–36 (2020).
pubmed: 31642057 doi: 10.1111/jpy.12939
González, A. et al. Identification of cryptic species in the Lessonia Nigrescens complex (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales). J. Phycol.48 (5), 1153–1165 (2012).
pubmed: 27011275 doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01200.x
Tellier, F., Tapia, J., Faugeron, S., Destombe, C. & Valero, M. The Lessonia nigrescens species complex (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) shows strict parapatry and complete reproductive isolation in a secondary contact zone. J. Phycol.47 (4), 894–903 (2011).
pubmed: 27020024 doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01019.x
López, B. A. et al. Epibiont communities on stranded kelp rafts of Durvillaea Antarctica (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) - Do positive interactions facilitate range extensions?. J. Biogeogr.45(8), 1833–1845 (2018).
doi: 10.1111/jbi.13375
García-Ramos, G. & Kirkpatrick, M. Genetic models of adaptation and gene flow in peripheral populations. Evolution. 51 (1), 21–28 (1997).
pubmed: 28568782 doi: 10.2307/2410956

Auteurs

Lívia Peluso (L)

Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.

Juan Faúndez (J)

Departamento de Oceanografía y Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Valparaíso, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Sergio A Navarrete (SA)

Coastal Socio-Ecological Millennium Institute, SECOS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Millenium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystems (NUTME), Valparaíso, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Center for Oceanographic Research, COPAS-COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Marine Energy Research and Innovation Energy, MERIC, Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Bernardo R Broitman (BR)

Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Santiago, Chile.
Coastal Socio-Ecological Millennium Institute, SECOS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Millennium Nucleus UPWELL, Santiago, Chile.

Christopher M Aiken (CM)

Coastal Marine Ecosystems Research Centre, CQUniversity, Gladstone, Australia.

Pablo Saenz-Agudelo (P)

Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. pablo.saenzagudelo@gmail.com.
Millenium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Mesophotic Reef Ecosystems (NUTME), Valparaíso, Chile. pablo.saenzagudelo@gmail.com.

Articles similaires

Robotic Surgical Procedures Animals Humans Telemedicine Models, Animal

Odour generalisation and detection dog training.

Lyn Caldicott, Thomas W Pike, Helen E Zulch et al.
1.00
Animals Odorants Dogs Generalization, Psychological Smell
Animals TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Colorectal Neoplasms Colitis Mice
Animals Tail Swine Behavior, Animal Animal Husbandry

Classifications MeSH