Maternal Diabetes and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Infants Born Before 29 Weeks' Gestation.

To compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born at <29 weeks' gestation and exposed to diabetes in pregnancy with those unexposed. This was a retrospective cohort study using the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network (CNFUN) databases. Infants born <29 weeks' gestation and admitted to a level 3 NICU from 2009 through 2018 who had neurodevelopmental assessments at 18 to 24 months corrected age (CA) were eligible. The two primary outcomes were: i) Neurodevelopmental Impairment (NDI) (≥1 of Bayley-III scores < 85 in any domain, cerebral palsy, or vision or hearing impairment); and ii) significant NDI (sNDI) (≥1 of Bayley-III scores < 70 in any domain, cerebral palsy GMFCS ≥ 3, bilateral blindness, or need for hearing aids or cochlear implants). Secondary outcomes were the individual components of NDI and sNDI. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs were calculated to determine outcomes between groups. Of 13,988 eligible infants, 55% attended neurodevelopmental follow-up assessments. Infants exposed to diabetes had increased odds of NDI compared with those unexposed (aOR 1.09 (95% CI 1.08-1.54); there was no difference in sNDI (aOR 1.07 (95% CI 0.84-1.36). Language and motor delays were more common in those exposed to maternal diabetes. Higher rates of NDI, language, or motor delays were present in infants born at < 29 weeks' gestation exposed to diabetes in utero. Future research is needed to determine the etiology and clinical significance of these findings.

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