Cefadroxil photodegradation processes sensitized by natural pigments: mechanistic aspects and impact on the antimicrobial function.
Cefadroxil
Humic acid
Photosensitization
ROS
Riboflavin
S. aureus
Journal
Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology
ISSN: 1474-9092
Titre abrégé: Photochem Photobiol Sci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101124451
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 Sep 2024
27 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
23
04
2024
accepted:
05
09
2024
medline:
27
9
2024
pubmed:
27
9
2024
entrez:
27
9
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Cefadroxil is a widely used antibiotic with a low elimination efficiency in wastewater treatments plants, so it represents a contaminants of emerging concern that should be removed. The photosensitization process that involves natural pigments and visible sunlight can be offered as an environmentally friendly alternative to be considered for Cefadroxil degradation. In this investigation, we carried out a mechanistic and kinetic approach to Cefadroxil photodegradation sensitized by Riboflavin and Humic Acid, in individual and combined processes. Our experiments indicate that Cefadroxil is able to interact with the excited states of Riboflavin as well as with the photogenerated reactive oxygen species, with an important contribution of singlet oxygen. The antibiotic was less sensitive to the photodegradation in the presence of Humic Acids and in the mixture of Riboflavin and Humic Acids. Self-sensitization processes and internal filter effects are proposed as possible explanations for the observed phenomenon. The reaction between Cefadroxil and singlet oxygen showed a dependence with the pH of the medium, the photodegradation kinetic constants are greater at alkaline pH compared to neutral pH. The reaction is favored when the anionic species of the antibiotic is present. Microbiological tests on S. aureus indicated that the antibiotic reduce its antimicrobial activity as a consequence of the photooxidative process mediated by singlet oxygen. We believe that the results are relevant since, the sensitized photodegradation process could lead to the oxidation of Cefadroxil and to the progressive loss of its antimicrobial function, this fact could contribute to the decrease in the generation of bacterial multi-resistance to antibiotics in the environment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39331320
doi: 10.1007/s43630-024-00633-3
pii: 10.1007/s43630-024-00633-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.
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