Challenges of a Circular Economy: The Example of Raw Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres Added to Concrete.

This research was conducted to analyse the possibility of using raw, untreated recycled tyre fibres as an effective concrete reinforcement according to circular economy principles. The aim of the article was also to develop a method for dispensing tire fibres on a real scale. Additional treatment and homogenisation of recycled steel fibres entail higher energy consumption, emissions of greenhouse gases, and increased costs. However, obtaining durable and safe concrete effectively reinforced with steel fibres is critical. Finding a balance between environmental friendliness and product durability is a circular economic challenge. Reference concrete with commercial steel fibres (15 kg/m