Transition from synchronous to asynchronous mechanisms in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions: a polarizability perspective.
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
Polarizability
Reaction force constant
Synchronicity
Journal
Journal of molecular modeling
ISSN: 0948-5023
Titre abrégé: J Mol Model
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9806569
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Sep 2024
30 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
15
08
2024
accepted:
23
09
2024
medline:
30
9
2024
pubmed:
30
9
2024
entrez:
30
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This study investigates the energetic and polarizability characteristics of three 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between diazene oxide and substituted ethylenes, focusing on the transition from synchronous to asynchronous mechanisms. Synchronicity analysis, using the reaction force constant, indicates that the bond evolution process becomes increasingly decoupled as the number of cyano groups increases. Polarizability analysis reveals that isotropic polarizability reaches its maximum near the transition state in all cases, while anisotropy of polarizability shifts from the transition state toward the product direction as asynchronicity increases. The larger the shift, the more asynchronous the mechanism, as reflected by the weight of the transition region. A detailed examination of the parallel and perpendicular polarizability components to the newly formed sigma bonds shows that the evolution of the parallel component is closely aligned with the energetic changes along the reaction coordinate, particularly in the synchronous reaction. We have also identified a relationship between the displacement in the maximum state of the parallel component from the transition state and the synchronicity of the mechanism. The larger the displacement, the more asynchronous the mechanism. These findings suggest that asynchronous 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition mechanisms are characterized by a decoupling of isotropic and anisotropic polarizabilities and a shift in the maximum polarizability state of the parallel component toward the product direction. Density functional theory calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The polarizability was calculated at each point of the reaction path, obtained using the intrinsic reaction coordinate method, as implemented in Gaussian 16.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39347808
doi: 10.1007/s00894-024-06161-2
pii: 10.1007/s00894-024-06161-2
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
355Subventions
Organisme : Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
ID : 11240351
Organisme : Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
ID : 11230753
Organisme : Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
ID : 1231241
Organisme : Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
ID : 85240302
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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