CRISPR/Cas9 editing of NKG2A improves the efficacy of primary CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells.


Journal

Nature communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Titre abrégé: Nat Commun
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101528555

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
30 Sep 2024
Historique:
received: 17 01 2023
accepted: 30 08 2024
medline: 1 10 2024
pubmed: 1 10 2024
entrez: 30 9 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified natural killer (NK) cells show antileukemic activity against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in vivo. However, NK cell-mediated tumor killing is often impaired by the interaction between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E and the inhibitory receptor, NKG2A. Here, we describe a strategy that overcomes CAR-NK cell inhibition mediated by the HLA-E-NKG2A immune checkpoint. We generate CD33-specific, AML-targeted CAR-NK cells (CAR33) combined with CRISPR/Cas9-based gene disruption of the NKG2A-encoding KLRC1 gene. Using single-cell multi-omics analyses, we identified transcriptional features of activation and maturation in CAR33-KLRC1

Identifiants

pubmed: 39349459
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52388-1
pii: 10.1038/s41467-024-52388-1
doi:

Substances chimiques

NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C 0
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen 0
KLRC1 protein, human 0
Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 0
CD33 protein, human 0

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

8439

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s).

Références

Albinger, N., Hartmann, J. & Ullrich, E. Current status and perspective of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy trials in Germany. Gene Ther. 28, 513–527 (2021).
pubmed: 33753909 pmcid: 8455322 doi: 10.1038/s41434-021-00246-w
Maude, S. L. et al. Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 378, 439–448 (2018).
pubmed: 29385370 pmcid: 5996391 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709866
Munshi, N. C. et al. Idecabtagene vicleucel in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 705–716 (2021).
pubmed: 33626253 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2024850
Bouchkouj, N. et al. FDA approval summary: brexucabtagene autoleucel for treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncologist 27, 892–899 (2022).
pubmed: 35983953 pmcid: 9526496 doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac163
Maude, S. L. et al. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 1507–1517 (2014).
pubmed: 25317870 pmcid: 4267531 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1407222
Liu, E. et al. Use of CAR-transduced natural killer cells in CD19-positive lymphoid tumors. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 545–553 (2020).
pubmed: 32023374 pmcid: 7101242 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910607
Marin, D. et al. Safety, efficacy and determinants of response of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR-NK cells in CD19+ B cell tumors: a phase 1/2 trial. Nat. Med. 30, 772–784 (2024).
pubmed: 38238616 pmcid: 10957466 doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02785-8
Döhner, H., Weisdorf, D. J. & Bloomfield, C. D. Acute myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 1136–1152 (2015).
pubmed: 26376137 doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1406184
Haubner, S. et al. Coexpression profile of leukemic stem cell markers for combinatorial targeted therapy in AML. Leukemia 33, 64–74 (2019).
pubmed: 29946192 doi: 10.1038/s41375-018-0180-3
Ehninger, A. et al. Distribution and levels of cell surface expression of CD33 and CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J. 4, e218 (2014).
pubmed: 24927407 pmcid: 4080210 doi: 10.1038/bcj.2014.39
Dutour, A. et al. In vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of anti-CD33 chimeric receptor-expressing EBV-CTL against CD33 acute myeloid leukemia. Adv. Hematol. 2012, 683065 (2012).
pubmed: 22272203 pmcid: 3261457 doi: 10.1155/2012/683065
Kim, M. Y. et al. Genetic inactivation of CD33 in hematopoietic stem cells to enable CAR T cell immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Cell 173, 1439–1453.e19 (2018).
pubmed: 29856956 pmcid: 6003425 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.013
Reindl, L. M. et al. Immunotherapy with NK cells: recent developments in gene modification open up new avenues. Oncoimmunology 9, 1777651 (2020).
pubmed: 33457093 pmcid: 7781759 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2020.1777651
Szczepanski, M. J. et al. Interleukin-15 enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia by upregulating the activating NK cell receptors. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 59, 73–79 (2010).
pubmed: 19526239 doi: 10.1007/s00262-009-0724-5
Rubnitz, J. E. et al. NKAML: a pilot study to determine the safety and feasibility of haploidentical natural killer cell transplantation in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 28, 955–959 (2010).
pubmed: 20085940 pmcid: 2834435 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.4590
Romee, R. et al. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukemia. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 357ra123 (2016).
pubmed: 27655849 pmcid: 5436500 doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2341
Miller, J. S. et al. Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer. Blood 105, 3051–3057 (2005).
pubmed: 15632206 doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2974
Paczulla, A. M. et al. Absence of NKG2D ligands defines leukaemia stem cells and mediates their immune evasion. Nature 572, 254–259 (2019).
pubmed: 31316209 pmcid: 6934414 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1410-1
Albinger, N. et al. Primary CD33-targeting CAR-NK cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J. 12, 61 (2022).
pubmed: 35418180 pmcid: 9007937 doi: 10.1038/s41408-022-00660-2
Albinger, N. et al. Manufacturing of primary CAR-NK cells in an automated system for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Bone Marrow Transpl. 59, 489–495 (2024).
doi: 10.1038/s41409-023-02180-4
Braud, V. M. et al. HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C. Nature 391, 795–799 (1998).
pubmed: 9486650 doi: 10.1038/35869
Le Dréan, E. et al. Inhibition of antigen-induced T cell response and antibody-induced NK cell cytotoxicity by NKG2A: association of NKG2A with SHP-1 and SHP-2 protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Eur. J. Immunol. 28, 264–276 (1998).
pubmed: 9485206 doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199801)28:01<264::AID-IMMU264>3.0.CO;2-O
André, P. et al. Anti-NKG2A mAb is a checkpoint inhibitor that promotes anti-tumor immunity by unleashing both T and NK cells. Cell 175, 1731–1743.e13 (2018).
pubmed: 30503213 pmcid: 6292840 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.014
Tognarelli, S. et al. Enhancing the activation and releasing the brakes: a double hit strategy to improve NK cell cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma. Front Immunol. 9, 2743 (2018).
pubmed: 30542346 pmcid: 6277768 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02743
Bexte, T. et al. CRISPR-Cas9 based gene editing of the immune checkpoint NKG2A enhances NK cell mediated cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma. Oncoimmunology 11, 2081415 (2022).
pubmed: 35694192 pmcid: 9176243 doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2081415
Bexte, T., Reindl, L. M. & Ullrich, E. Nonviral technologies can pave the way for CAR-NK cell therapy. J. Leukoc. Biol. 114, 475–486 (2023).
pubmed: 37403203 doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad074
Holling, T. M., Schooten, E. & van Den Elsen, P. J. Function and regulation of MHC class II molecules in T-lymphocytes: of mice and men. Hum. Immunol. 65, 282–290 (2004).
pubmed: 15120183 doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.01.005
Post, M. et al. The transcription factor ZNF683/HOBIT regulates human NK-cell development. Front. Immunol. 8, 535 (2017).
pubmed: 28555134 pmcid: 5430038 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00535
Metkar, S. S. et al. Granzyme B activates procaspase-3 which signals a mitochondrial amplification loop for maximal apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. 160, 875 (2003).
pubmed: 12629051 pmcid: 2173758 doi: 10.1083/jcb.200210158
Jayavelu, A. K. et al. The proteogenomic subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 40, 301–317.e12 (2022).
pubmed: 35245447 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.02.006
013062 - NSG-SGM3 Strain Details. https://www.jax.org/strain/013062# .
Wunderlich, M. et al. AML xenograft efficiency is significantly improved in NOD/SCID-IL2RG mice constitutively expressing human SCF, GM-CSF and IL-3. Leukemia 24, 1785–1788 (2010).
pubmed: 20686503 pmcid: 5439963 doi: 10.1038/leu.2010.158
Rasheed, H. M., Donia, H. M., Nadwan, E. A., Mourad, Z. I. & Farahat, N. Identifying leukemia-associated immunophenotypes in acute myeloid leukemia patients using multiparameter flow cytometry. Oman Med. J. 36, e323 (2021).
pubmed: 35024173 pmcid: 8722324 doi: 10.5001/omj.2021.108
Heuser, M. et al. 2021 Update on MRD in acute myeloid leukemia: a consensus document from the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party. Blood 138, 2753–2767 (2021).
pubmed: 34724563 pmcid: 8718623 doi: 10.1182/blood.2021013626
Ruggeri, L. et al. Effectiveness of donor natural killer cell alloreactivity in mismatched hematopoietic transplants. Science 295, 2097–2100 (2002).
pubmed: 11896281 doi: 10.1126/science.1068440
Wendel, P. et al. Arming immune cells for battle: a brief journey through the advancements of T and NK cell immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 13, 1481 (2021).
pubmed: 33807011 doi: 10.3390/cancers13061481
Cooley, S. et al. First-in-human trial of rhIL-15 and haploidentical natural killer cell therapy for advanced acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv. 3, 1970–1980 (2019).
pubmed: 31266741 pmcid: 6616260 doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028332
Crinier, A. et al. Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectories of natural killer cell differentiation in bone marrow and a stress signature induced by acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Mol. Immunol. 18, 1290–1304 (2021).
pubmed: 33239726 doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-00574-8
Dufva, O. et al. Single-cell functional genomics reveals determinants of sensitivity and resistance to natural killer cells in blood cancers. Immunity 56, 2816–2835.e13 (2023).
pubmed: 38091953 doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.008
Schneider, D. et al. A unique human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domain-only CD33 CAR for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Front. Oncol. 8, 539 (2018).
pubmed: 30524966 pmcid: 6262782 doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00539
Hejazi, M. et al. CD33 delineates two functionally distinct NK cell populations divergent in cytokine production and antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Front. Immunol. 12, 798087 (2021).
pubmed: 35058934 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798087
Hunt, J. M. T., Samson, C. A., Rand, Adu & Sheppard, H. M. Unintended CRISPR-Cas9 editing outcomes: a review of the detection and prevalence of structural variants generated by gene-editing in human cells. Hum. Genet. 142, 705–720 (2023).
pubmed: 37093294 pmcid: 10182114 doi: 10.1007/s00439-023-02561-1
Rad, S. M. A. H., Poudel, A., Tan, G. M. Y. & McLellan, A. D. Promoter choice: Who should drive the CAR in T cells? PLoS ONE 15, e0232915 (2020).
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232915
Klermund, J. et al. On- and off-target effects of paired CRISPR-Cas nickase in primary human cells. Mol. Ther. 32, 1298–1310 (2024).
pubmed: 38459694 doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.006
Turchiano, G. et al. Quantitative evaluation of chromosomal rearrangements in gene-edited human stem cells by CAST-Seq. Cell Stem Cell 28, 1136–1147.e5 (2021).
pubmed: 33626327 doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.002
Nguyen, S. et al. HLA-E upregulation on IFN-gamma-activated AML blasts impairs CD94/NKG2A-dependent NK cytolysis after haplo-mismatched hematopoietic SCT. Bone Marrow Transpl. 43, 693–699 (2009).
doi: 10.1038/bmt.2008.380
Biederstädt, A. & Rezvani, K. How I treat high-risk acute myeloid leukemia using preemptive adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Blood 141, 22–38 (2023).
pubmed: 35512203 doi: 10.1182/blood.2021012411
Majzner, R. G. & Mackall, C. L. Clinical lessons learned from the first leg of the CAR T cell journey. Nat. Med. 25, 1341–1355 (2019).
pubmed: 31501612 doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0564-6
Daher, M. et al. Targeting a cytokine checkpoint enhances the fitness of armored cord blood CAR-NK cells. Blood 137, 624–636 (2021).
pubmed: 32902645 pmcid: 7869185 doi: 10.1182/blood.2020007748
Jo, D.-H. et al. Simultaneous engineering of natural killer cells for CAR transgenesis and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout using retroviral particles. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 29, 173–184 (2023).
pubmed: 37063482 pmcid: 10102412 doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.03.006
Lupo, K. B. et al. synNotch-programmed iPSC-derived NK cells usurp TIGIT and CD73 activities for glioblastoma therapy. Nat. Commun. 15, 1909 (2024).
pubmed: 38429294 pmcid: 10907695 doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46343-3
Research, C. for B. E. and. FDA Investigating Serious Risk of T-cell Malignancy Following BCMA-Directed or CD19-Directed Autologous Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell Immunotherapies. FDA (2023).
Bexte, T. et al. Engineering of potent CAR NK cells using non-viral Sleeping Beauty transposition from minimalistic DNA vectors. Mol. Ther. 32, 2357–2372 (2024).
pubmed: 38751112 doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.022
Kath, J. et al. Integration of ζ-deficient CARs into the CD3ζ gene conveys potent cytotoxicity in T and NK cells. Blood 143, 2599–2611 (2024).
pubmed: 38493479 pmcid: 11196866 doi: 10.1182/blood.2023020973
Müller, S. et al. High cytotoxic efficiency of lentivirally and alpharetrovirally engineered CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Immunol. 10, 3123 (2019).
pubmed: 32117200 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03123
Colamartino, A. B. L. et al. Efficient and robust NK-cell transduction with baboon envelope pseudotyped lentivector. Front. Immunol. 10, 2873 (2019).
pubmed: 31921138 pmcid: 6927467 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02873
Bari, R. et al. A distinct subset of highly proliferative and lentiviral vector (LV)-transducible NK cells define a readily engineered subset for adoptive cellular therapy. Front. Immunol. 10, 2001 (2019).
pubmed: 31507603 pmcid: 6713925 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02001
Alzubi, J. et al. Automated generation of gene-edited CAR T cells at clinical scale. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 20, 379–388 (2021).
pubmed: 33575430 doi: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.12.008
Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25, 402–408 (2001).
pubmed: 11846609 doi: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262
Riedel, G. et al. An extended ΔCT-method facilitating normalisation with multiple reference genes suited for quantitative RT-PCR analyses of human hepatocyte-like cells. PLoS ONE 9, e93031 (2014).
pubmed: 24658132 pmcid: 3962476 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093031
McCarthy, D. J., Campbell, K. R., Lun, A. T. L. & Wills, Q. F. Scater: pre-processing, quality control, normalization and visualization of single-cell RNA-seq data in R. Bioinformatics 33, 1179–1186 (2017).
pubmed: 28088763 pmcid: 5408845 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw777
Ilicic, T. et al. Classification of low quality cells from single-cell RNA-seq data. Genome Biol. 17, 29 (2016).
pubmed: 26887813 pmcid: 4758103 doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0888-1
AITCHISON, J. & HO, C. H. The multivariate Poisson-log normal distribution. Biometrika 76, 643–653 (1989).
doi: 10.1093/biomet/76.4.643
Robinson, M. D., McCarthy, D. J. & Smyth, G. K. edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics 26, 139–140 (2010).
pubmed: 19910308 doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616
Ritchie, M. E. et al. limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, e47 (2015).
pubmed: 25605792 pmcid: 4402510 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv007
Smyth, G. K. Linear models and empirical bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments. Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. 3, 3 (2004).
Phipson, B., Lee, S., Majewski, I. J., Alexander, W. S. & Smyth, G. K. Robust hyperparameter estimation protects against hypervariable genes and improves power to detect differential expression. Ann. Appl Stat. 10, 946–963 (2016).
pubmed: 28367255 pmcid: 5373812 doi: 10.1214/16-AOAS920
Wickham, H. Ggplot2 (Springer International Publishing, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4 .
The igraph software package for complex network research|BibSonomy. https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/bb49a4a77b42229a427fec316e9fe515 .
Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R. & Lefebvre, E. Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. J. Stat. Mech. 2008, P10008 (2008).
doi: 10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008
Raivo Kolde. pheatmap: Pretty Heatmaps. 1.0.12 https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.pheatmap (2010).
Lun, A. T. L., McCarthy, D. J. & Marioni, J. C. A step-by-step workflow for low-level analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data with Bioconductor. F1000Res 5, 2122 (2016).
pubmed: 27909575 pmcid: 5112579
van der Maaten, L. & Hinton, G. Visualizing Data using t-SNE. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579–2605 (2008).

Auteurs

Tobias Bexte (T)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Nawid Albinger (N)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Ahmad Al Ajami (A)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Neurological Institute / Edinger Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Philipp Wendel (P)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

Leon Buchinger (L)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Alec Gessner (A)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine II - Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Jamal Alzubi (J)

Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Vinzenz Särchen (V)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Meike Vogler (M)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Hadeer Mohamed Rasheed (HM)

Charité, University Berlin and Humboldt-University Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Beate Anahita Jung (BA)

Charité, University Berlin and Humboldt-University Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany.

Sebastian Wolf (S)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine II - Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Raj Bhayadia (R)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Thomas Oellerich (T)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine II - Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Jan-Henning Klusmann (JH)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Olaf Penack (O)

Charité, University Berlin and Humboldt-University Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Nina Möker (N)

Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.

Toni Cathomen (T)

Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Michael A Rieger (MA)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Medicine II - Hematology and Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Cardio-Pulmonary-Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Katharina Imkeller (K)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Neurological Institute / Edinger Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Evelyn Ullrich (E)

Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. evelyn@ullrichlab.de.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. evelyn@ullrichlab.de.
Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. evelyn@ullrichlab.de.
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. evelyn@ullrichlab.de.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH