Diversity of Chagas disease diagnostic antigens: Successes and limitations.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a public health issue in endemic regions of the Americas, and is becoming globalised due to migration. In the chronic phase, 2 accordant serological tests are required for diagnosis. In addition to "in-house" assays, commercial tests are available (principally ELISA and rapid diagnostic tests). Herein, we discuss the discovery era of defined T. cruzi serological antigens and their utilisation in commercialised tests. A striking feature is the re-discovery of the same antigens from independent studies, and their overlapping use among commonly reported commercial serological tests. We also consider reports of geographical variation in assay sensitivity and areas for refinement including applications to congenital diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and lineage-specific antigens.

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Copyright: © 2024 Bhattacharyya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.