Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Sri Lankan track and field athletes.
Athlete
Questionnaire
Sports nutrition knowledge
Track and field
Validation
Journal
BMC nutrition
ISSN: 2055-0928
Titre abrégé: BMC Nutr
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101672434
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Oct 2024
10 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
25
06
2024
accepted:
03
10
2024
medline:
11
10
2024
pubmed:
11
10
2024
entrez:
10
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
While several validated sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires exist, none are specifically designed to assess the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of Sri Lankan track and field athletes. This study aims to validate the Sri Lankan Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SLn-SNKQ), tailored for this athlete group, to provide more accurate and meaningful insights for research and practice. This will enable health professionals and coaches to confidently assess athletes' nutrition knowledge, which directly influences their food choices. The validity of the questionnaire was established through a multi-step approach. Content validity was achieved via ratings from nutrition experts, all of whom had specialized training in human nutrition and experience of working with athletes. Face validity was evaluated through in-depth telephone interviews with elite or highly trained athletes, using a retrospective think-out-loud protocol to gather feedback on the clarity and relevance of the questions. Construct validity involved nutrition-trained doctors (NTG), non-nutrition-trained professionals (NNTG), and elite-level athletes' groups (AG). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated. The final tool comprised 123 individual statements or prompts (items) that were organized into 32 broader questions, spanning 12 sub-sections. Content validity was confirmed by fully integrating 49 out of 70 comments and partially integrating four comments received from nutrition experts for each sub-section. Face validity was established by fully integrating 33 out of 40 comments received from 16 elite and highly trained athletes. Construct validity was confirmed, indicating significant differences in the total scores achieved as a percentage of the SLn-SNKQ among the NTG (462.5, 92.5%), NNTG (223.5, 44.7%), and AG (235, 47.0%; p < 0.001). Reproducibility was established by strong test-retest reliability between individuals' scores on two test attempts, three weeks apart (spearman's correlation; ρ = 0.99, p < 0.05). Internal reliability for each sub-section met psychometric reliability requirements (Cronbach's α > 0.7). The SLn-SNKQ has been validated and demonstrates robust psychometric properties, offering a reliable tool for assessing SNK among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
While several validated sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires exist, none are specifically designed to assess the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of Sri Lankan track and field athletes. This study aims to validate the Sri Lankan Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SLn-SNKQ), tailored for this athlete group, to provide more accurate and meaningful insights for research and practice. This will enable health professionals and coaches to confidently assess athletes' nutrition knowledge, which directly influences their food choices.
METHODS
METHODS
The validity of the questionnaire was established through a multi-step approach. Content validity was achieved via ratings from nutrition experts, all of whom had specialized training in human nutrition and experience of working with athletes. Face validity was evaluated through in-depth telephone interviews with elite or highly trained athletes, using a retrospective think-out-loud protocol to gather feedback on the clarity and relevance of the questions. Construct validity involved nutrition-trained doctors (NTG), non-nutrition-trained professionals (NNTG), and elite-level athletes' groups (AG). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The final tool comprised 123 individual statements or prompts (items) that were organized into 32 broader questions, spanning 12 sub-sections. Content validity was confirmed by fully integrating 49 out of 70 comments and partially integrating four comments received from nutrition experts for each sub-section. Face validity was established by fully integrating 33 out of 40 comments received from 16 elite and highly trained athletes. Construct validity was confirmed, indicating significant differences in the total scores achieved as a percentage of the SLn-SNKQ among the NTG (462.5, 92.5%), NNTG (223.5, 44.7%), and AG (235, 47.0%; p < 0.001). Reproducibility was established by strong test-retest reliability between individuals' scores on two test attempts, three weeks apart (spearman's correlation; ρ = 0.99, p < 0.05). Internal reliability for each sub-section met psychometric reliability requirements (Cronbach's α > 0.7).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The SLn-SNKQ has been validated and demonstrates robust psychometric properties, offering a reliable tool for assessing SNK among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39390532
doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00944-9
pii: 10.1186/s40795-024-00944-9
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
135Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
Références
Burke LM, Castell LM, Casa DJ, Close GL, Costa RJ, Desbrow B, et al. International association of athletics federations consensus statement 2019: nutrition for athletics. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(2):73–84.
doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0065
pubmed: 30952204
Fritzen AM, Lundsgaard AM, Kiens B. Dietary fuels in athletic performance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2019;39:45–73.
doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124337
pubmed: 31136266
Spronk I, Kullen C, Burdon C, O’Connor H. Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. Br J Nutr. 2014;111(10):1713–26.
doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000087
pubmed: 24621991
Jenner SL, Buckley GL, Belski R, Devlin BL, Forsyth AK. Dietary intakes of Professional and Semi-professional Team Sport athletes do not Meet Sport Nutrition Recommendations-A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients. 2019;11(5).
Carbone A. How nutrition knowledge of coaches, athletic trainers, and strength and conditioning specialists translates to their athletes. East Tennessee State University; 2021.
Boumosleh JM, El Hage C, Farhat A. Sports nutrition knowledge and perceptions among professional basketball athletes and coaches in Lebanon-a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021;13(1):53.
doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00280-6
pubmed: 34001207
pmcid: 8130284
Werner EN, Guadagni AJ, Pivarnik JM. Assessment of nutrition knowledge in division I college athletes. J Am Coll Health. 2022;70(1):248–55.
doi: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1740234
pubmed: 32240074
Boidin A, Tam R, Mitchell L, Cox GR, O’Connor H. The effectiveness of nutrition education programmes on improving dietary intake in athletes: a systematic review. Br J Nutr. 2021;125(12):1359–73.
doi: 10.1017/S0007114520003694
pubmed: 32959736
Alaunyte I, Perry JL, Aubrey T. Nutritional knowledge and eating habits of professional rugby league players: does knowledge translate into practice? J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12:18.
doi: 10.1186/s12970-015-0082-y
pubmed: 25897297
pmcid: 4404129
Bentley MR, Mitchell N, Sutton L, Backhouse SH. Sports nutritionists’ perspectives on enablers and barriers to nutritional adherence in high performance sport: a qualitative analysis informed by the COM-B model and theoretical domains framework. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(18):2075–85.
doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1620989
pubmed: 31124393
O’Brien L, Collins K, Amirabdollhian F. Exploring sports Nutrition Knowledge in Elite gaelic footballers. Nutrients. 2021;13(4).
Trakman GL, Forsyth A, Hoye R, Belski R. Developing and validating a nutrition knowledge questionnaire: key methods and considerations. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(15):2670–9.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980017001471
pubmed: 28735598
pmcid: 10261290
Trakman GL, Forsyth A, Hoye R, Belski R. The nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSKQ): development and validation using classical test theory and Rasch analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:26.
doi: 10.1186/s12970-017-0182-y
pubmed: 28785177
pmcid: 5543556
Scrivin R, Costa RJ, Pelly F, Lis D, Slater G. Development and validation of a questionnaire investigating endurance athletes practices to manage gastrointestinal symptoms around exercise. Nutr Diet. 2021;78(3):286–95.
doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12674
pubmed: 34047004
Tam R, Beck K, Scanlan JN, Hamilton T, Prvan T, Flood V, et al. The platform to Evaluate Athlete Knowledge of sports Nutrition Questionnaire: a reliable and valid electronic sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for athletes. Br J Nutr. 2021;126(4):561–71.
doi: 10.1017/S0007114520004286
pubmed: 33143772
Capling L, Gifford JA, Beck KL, Flood VM, Slater GJ, Denyer GS, et al. Development of an Athlete Diet Index for Rapid Dietary Assessment of Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(6):643–50.
doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0098
pubmed: 31629350
Zinn C, Schofield G, Wall C. Development of a psychometrically valid and reliable sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire. J Sci Med Sport. 2005;8(3):346–51.
doi: 10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80045-3
pubmed: 16248475
Vázquez-Espino K, Fernández-Tena C, Lizarraga-Dallo MA, Farran-Codina A. Development and validation of a short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for athletes. Nutrients. 2020;12(11).
Frary RB. A brief guide to questionnaire development. Va Polytechnic Inst State Univ Retrieved Oct. 2003;9:2003.
Kouvelioti R, Vagenas G. Methodological and statistical quality in research evaluating nutritional attitudes in sports. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(6):624–35.
doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0010
pubmed: 26314085
Jayawardena RWK, Trakman G, Madhujith T, Hills AP, Kalupahana NS. Development of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for elite track and field athletes. World Nutr J. 2024;8(i1):104–28.
doi: 10.25220/WNJ.V08.i1.0013
McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, Martin DT, Mujika I, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, et al. Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification Framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(2):317–31.
doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451
pubmed: 34965513
LLC G. Google Forms California, USA[cited 2024 Jan 16] [Available from: https://policies.google.com/terms?hl=en-US
Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(4):459–67.
doi: 10.1002/nur.20199
pubmed: 17654487
Poliandri D, Perazzolo M, Pillera GC, Giampietro L. Dematerialized participation challenges: methods and practices for online focus groups. Front Sociol. 2023;8:1145264.
doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1145264
pubmed: 37091722
pmcid: 10118020
Kang H. Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:17.
doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17
pubmed: 34325496
pmcid: 8441096
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–91.
doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
pubmed: 17695343
Aithal A, Aithal P. Development and validation of survey questionnaire & experimental data–a systematical review-based statistical approach. Int J Manage Technol Social Sci (IJMTS). 2020;5(2):233–51.
Cappelleri JC, Jason Lundy J, Hays RD. Overview of classical test theory and item response theory for the quantitative assessment of items in developing patient-reported outcomes measures. Clin Ther. 2014;36(5):648–62.
doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.04.006
pubmed: 24811753
pmcid: 4096146
Parmenter K, Wardle J. Evaluation and design of nutrition knowledge measures. J Nutr Educ. 2000;32(5):269–77.
doi: 10.1016/S0022-3182(00)70575-9
Furber MJW, Roberts JD, Roberts MG. A valid and reliable nutrition knowledge questionnaire for track and field athletes. BMC Nutr. 2017;3:36.
doi: 10.1186/s40795-017-0156-0
pubmed: 32153816
pmcid: 7050860
Edmonds C, Tam R, Madigan S, Gubb L, Beck KL, Gifford JA, et al. Validation of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for athletes in the United Kingdom and Ireland. J Nutr Sci. 2023;12:e2.
doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.109
pubmed: 36721724
pmcid: 9869100
MacKenzie SB, Podsakoff PM, Podsakoff NP. Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: integrating new and existing techniques. MIS Q. 2011:293–334.