Impact of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Tunisia.
COVID-19
Coronavirus
Health impact assessment
Infection
Public health
Quarantine
Vaccination
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 Oct 2024
14 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
27
09
2023
accepted:
24
06
2024
medline:
14
10
2024
pubmed:
14
10
2024
entrez:
13
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
In COVID-19 management, a variety of pharmaceutical interventions (PI) and non- pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) were adopted to limit the spread of the disease and its associated deaths. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PI and NPI on risks of COVID-19 transmission and deaths. We collected aggregate data from March 2nd, 2020, to December 1, 2022 from the Tunisian Ministry of Health's website and OurWorldInData.org site. NPI Periods (NPIP: March 2020 to March 2021) and PI Periods (PIP) were distributed to NPIP1, 2, 3 and 4 and to PIP1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. We calculated the Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) by comparing the subsequent period with previous one. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission increased progressively from the zero cases period (NPIP2) to the mitigate strategy period (NPIP3) (RR = 14.0; 95% CI: 12.4-15.8) and to the stop-and-go epidemic control period (NPIP4) (RR = 23.1 (95% CI: 22.4-23.9). It was stabilized in the targeted vaccination period (PIP1) (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07-1.08) and reduced during the mass vaccination period (PIP2) (RR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.50-0.51). SARS-CoV-2 transmission, increased during PIP3 concomitant with the Omicron wave (RR = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.64-2.67). It remained at a low level in PIP4 (RR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.18-0.18). Compared to NPIP2, NPIP3 and NPIP4 were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (RR = 3.337; 95% CI: 1.797-6.195) and (RR = 72.63 (95% CI: 54.01-97.68), respectively. Since the start of the immunization program, the risk of COVID-19 death has consistently decreased. In comparison to each previous period, the risk transitioned in PIP1 to RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88-0.93, then to RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83-0.88 in PIP2, to RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.45-0.50 in PIP3, and to RR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.18-0.24 during PIP4. In terms of lowering the risk of transmission and mortality, the NP strategy at the beginning of the epidemic outperformed the IP strategy during the outbreak.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
In COVID-19 management, a variety of pharmaceutical interventions (PI) and non- pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) were adopted to limit the spread of the disease and its associated deaths. We aimed to evaluate the impact of PI and NPI on risks of COVID-19 transmission and deaths.
METHOD
METHODS
We collected aggregate data from March 2nd, 2020, to December 1, 2022 from the Tunisian Ministry of Health's website and OurWorldInData.org site. NPI Periods (NPIP: March 2020 to March 2021) and PI Periods (PIP) were distributed to NPIP1, 2, 3 and 4 and to PIP1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. We calculated the Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) by comparing the subsequent period with previous one.
RESULTS
RESULTS
The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission increased progressively from the zero cases period (NPIP2) to the mitigate strategy period (NPIP3) (RR = 14.0; 95% CI: 12.4-15.8) and to the stop-and-go epidemic control period (NPIP4) (RR = 23.1 (95% CI: 22.4-23.9). It was stabilized in the targeted vaccination period (PIP1) (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07-1.08) and reduced during the mass vaccination period (PIP2) (RR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.50-0.51). SARS-CoV-2 transmission, increased during PIP3 concomitant with the Omicron wave (RR = 2.65, 95% CI: 2.64-2.67). It remained at a low level in PIP4 (RR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.18-0.18). Compared to NPIP2, NPIP3 and NPIP4 were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 mortality (RR = 3.337; 95% CI: 1.797-6.195) and (RR = 72.63 (95% CI: 54.01-97.68), respectively. Since the start of the immunization program, the risk of COVID-19 death has consistently decreased. In comparison to each previous period, the risk transitioned in PIP1 to RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.88-0.93, then to RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83-0.88 in PIP2, to RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.45-0.50 in PIP3, and to RR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.18-0.24 during PIP4.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
In terms of lowering the risk of transmission and mortality, the NP strategy at the beginning of the epidemic outperformed the IP strategy during the outbreak.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39396980
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19236-9
pii: 10.1186/s12889-024-19236-9
doi:
Substances chimiques
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2803Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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