A review of acute symptomatic seizures during awake craniotomy for tumour resection.

Awake craniotomy (AC) is a procedure often performed concomitantly with direct electrical cortical stimulation (DES) and electrocorticography (ECoG) during functional brain mapping. Patients undergoing AC are at risk of acute symptomatic seizures, including intraoperative (IS) and early postoperative seizures (EPS) which can lead to higher risk of morbidity. Predicting those who are at risk of IS and EPS could alert clinicians and provide the ability to closely monitor and consider management changes in the acute setting to prevent seizures. This is a narrative review of previous studies on IS and EPS during awake craniotomy, including a summary of studies from our center using a novel circular grid electrode. There are a number of clinical features with variable association with a higher risk of EPS and IS. Surgeries involving the anterior and central head regions are a risk factor for IS. EPS is more likely to occur in patients with perioperative intracranial hemorrhage. Improving grid/electrode technology for ECoG can allow for better sensitivity of detecting epileptiform activity which can help to diagnose and predict perioperative seizures.