Description of a longitudinal interprofessional education plan and outcomes from an inaugural student cohort.

To describe a longitudinal interprofessional education (IPE) plan at one School of Pharmacy (SOP) including inaugural student cohort outcomes. Standards 2016 prompted the creation of an IPE task force at the University of Wisconsin-Madison SOP to develop and implement an IPE plan consisting of outcome-based goals, a deliberate design, and a formalized assessment strategy-an approach that inspired national consensus guidance from the Health Professions Accreditors Collaborative. Beginning with the 2022 graduating class, required interprofessional learning activities were embedded longitudinally across a four-year Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program and included classroom-, simulation-, and clinical-based IPE activities. Student learning outcomes, focused on attitudes, skills, and behaviors, were assessed longitudinally using three self-reported, validated measures allowing for pre/post comparisons-Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised, Version 2 (SPICE-R2), Interprofessional Education Collaborative Competency Self-Assessment Tool, Version 3 (IPEC-3), and Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey-Revised (ICCAS-R)-coupled with the Individual Teamwork Observation and Feedback Tool (iTOFT). Endpoint SPICE-R2 and IPEC-3 average scores were in the agree to strongly agree range with statistically significant pre/post change in 80% (4/5) of sub-scales. Students' attainment and demonstration of positive teamwork behaviors were evidenced by statistically significant pre/post change in advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) student ICCAS-R scores and universal satisfactory ratings of APPE students on the iTOFT. A developmentally progressive, longitudinal IPE plan was implemented into a four-year PharmD program. Inaugural student cohort assessment results documented students were prepared for interprofessional practice upon graduation.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.