Gene Expression Shifts in Emperor Penguin Adaptation to the Extreme Antarctic Environment.
birds
cold adaptation
rapid adaptation
speciation
transcriptomics
Journal
Molecular ecology
ISSN: 1365-294X
Titre abrégé: Mol Ecol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9214478
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Oct 2024
17 Oct 2024
Historique:
revised:
17
09
2024
received:
29
11
2023
accepted:
26
09
2024
medline:
17
10
2024
pubmed:
17
10
2024
entrez:
17
10
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Gene expression can accelerate ecological divergence by rapidly tweaking the response of an organism to novel environments, with more divergent environments exerting stronger selection and supposedly, requiring faster adaptive responses. Organisms adapted to extreme environments provide ideal systems to test this hypothesis, particularly when compared to related species with milder ecological niches. The Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the only endothermic vertebrate breeding in the harsh Antarctic winter, in stark contrast with the less cold-adapted sister species, the King penguin (A. patagonicus). Assembling the first de novo transcriptomes and analysing multi-tissue (brain, kidney, liver, muscle, skin) RNA-Seq data from natural populations of both species, we quantified the shifts in tissue-enhanced genes, co-expression gene networks, and differentially expressed genes characterising Emperor penguin adaptation to the extreme Antarctic. Our analyses revealed the crucial role played by muscle and liver in temperature homeostasis, fasting, and whole-body energy metabolism (glucose/insulin regulation, lipid metabolism, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and blood coagulation). Repatterning at the regulatory level appears as more important in the brain of the Emperor penguin, showing the lowest signature of differential gene expression, but the largest co-expression gene network shift. Nevertheless, over-expressed genes related to mTOR signalling in the brain and the liver support their central role in cold and fasting responses. Besides contributing to understanding the genetics underlying complex traits, like body energy reservoir management, our results provide a first insight into the role of gene expression in adaptation to one of the most extreme environmental conditions endured by an endotherm.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e17552Subventions
Organisme : Institut Polaire Fran#x00E7;ais Paul Emile Victor
ID : Program 137#x2010;ANTAVIA
Organisme : Centre Scientifique de Monaco
ID : LIA#x2010;647
Organisme : HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska#x2010;Curie Actions
ID : Poly2Adapt #x2010; 101068395
Organisme : Universit#x00E9; de Strasbourg
Organisme : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
ID : Programme Zone Atelier de Recherches sur l#x2019;Envir
Organisme : Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA), Ministry of University and Research (MUR), Italy
ID : PNRA16_00099
Organisme : Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA), Ministry of University and Research (MUR), Italy
ID : PNRA16_00164
Organisme : Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide (PNRA), Ministry of University and Research (MUR), Italy
ID : PNRA16_00234
Informations de copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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