Relationships between fecal indicator abundance in water and sand and the presence of pathogenic genes in sand of recreational beaches.
Beaches
Fecal contamination
Real-time PCR
Sand monitoring
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
Journal
Environmental monitoring and assessment
ISSN: 1573-2959
Titre abrégé: Environ Monit Assess
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8508350
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Oct 2024
17 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
24
08
2023
accepted:
10
10
2024
medline:
18
10
2024
pubmed:
18
10
2024
entrez:
17
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
For decades, the risk of exposure to infectious diseases in recreational beaches has been evaluated through the quantification of fecal indicator bacteria in water samples using culture methods. The analyses of sand samples have recently been developed as a complement to the monitoring of recreational waters in beach quality assessments. The growing use of molecular techniques for environmental monitoring allows for the rapid detection of pathogenic genes, thus providing more accurate information regarding the health risk of exposure to contaminated sand. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the fecal indicators abundance in water and sand and the presence of Shiga toxin-producer Escherichia coli (STEC) in sand by analyzing samples from touristic beaches using culture-dependent (fecal coliforms assay) and culture-independent (real-time PCR of stx1, stx2, and eae genes) techniques. We found a high concentration of coliform bacteria in water and sand in several beaches in eastern Uruguay, with different levels of sanitation networks and levels of urbanization. The presence of STEC virulence genes (mainly stx1) was confirmed in 8 out of 20 sand samples. The recreational use of sandy beaches may imply a risk to the health of its users, especially near streams and creek outflows, thus highlighting the need of monitoring sand bacteriological quality and pathogens using molecular tools.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39419901
doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13256-z
pii: 10.1007/s10661-024-13256-z
doi:
Substances chimiques
Sand
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1067Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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