Prevalence and clinical factors associated with survival in patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer in Argentina.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Detecting mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is crucial for treatment selection due to the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in these patients. Describe the prevalence and identify factors associated with survival in stage IV lung cancer patients harboring EGFR mutations in a real-world setting. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and response rate in stage IV lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations. Data from 771 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2017 and 2021 at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were analysed. The prevalence of EGFR mutations was 18% (139), with a median follow-up of 30 months. Of these, 118 were treated with EGFR TKIs, with a higher objective response rate observed with osimertinib compared to first or second-generation TKIs. Adverse prognostic factors included an ECOG performance status greater than 1, uncommon mutations, high disease burden and the presence of brain or hepatic metastases. Osimertinib was associated with a reduced risk of progression or death, even after adjusting for these prognostic factors. The median PFS was 13 months, with a significant OS difference between patients treated with osimertinib versus first or second-generation inhibitors. This study underscores the importance of EGFR mutation detection in stage IV lung cancer patients and supports the need for personalised therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in this patient population.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.