Genomic analysis of intracranial and subcortical brain volumes yields polygenic scores accounting for variation across ancestries.

Journal

Nature genetics
ISSN: 1546-1718
Titre abrégé: Nat Genet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9216904

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
21 Oct 2024
Historique:
received: 09 08 2023
accepted: 18 09 2024
medline: 22 10 2024
pubmed: 22 10 2024
entrez: 21 10 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Subcortical brain structures are involved in developmental, psychiatric and neurological disorders. Here we performed genome-wide association studies meta-analyses of intracranial and nine subcortical brain volumes (brainstem, caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, globus pallidus, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala and the ventral diencephalon) in 74,898 participants of European ancestry. We identified 254 independent loci associated with these brain volumes, explaining up to 35% of phenotypic variance. We observed gene expression in specific neural cell types across differentiation time points, including genes involved in intracellular signaling and brain aging-related processes. Polygenic scores for brain volumes showed predictive ability when applied to individuals of diverse ancestries. We observed causal genetic effects of brain volumes with Parkinson's disease and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Findings implicate specific gene expression patterns in brain development and genetic variants in comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders, which could point to a brain substrate and region of action for risk genes implicated in brain diseases.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01951-z PMID: 39433889
pubmed: 39433889
doi: 10.1038/s41588-024-01951-z
pii: 10.1038/s41588-024-01951-z
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Informations de copyright

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.

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Auteurs

Luis M García-Marín (LM)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4731-6558

Adrian I Campos (AI)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Santiago Diaz-Torres (S)

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5442-9211

Jill A Rabinowitz (JA)

Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.

Zuriel Ceja (Z)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2392-1964

Brittany L Mitchell (BL)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9050-1516

Katrina L Grasby (KL)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8539-0228

Jackson G Thorp (JG)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9461-6417

Ingrid Agartz (I)

Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.

Saud Alhusaini (S)

Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

David Ames (D)

Academic Unit Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Philippe Amouyel (P)

Universite Lille, U1167-RID-AGE-LabEx DISTALZ-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging Diseases, Lille, France.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille Department of Public Health, Lille, France.
Institut Pasteur de Lille UMR1167, Lille, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9088-234X

Ole A Andreassen (OA)

Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Konstantinos Arfanakis (K)

Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.

Alejandro Arias-Vasquez (A)

Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4786-0169

Nicola J Armstrong (NJ)

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4477-293X

Lavinia Athanasiu (L)

Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Mark E Bastin (ME)

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Alexa S Beiser (AS)

Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

David A Bennett (DA)

Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Joshua C Bis (JC)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3409-1110

Marco P M Boks (MPM)

Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6163-7484

Dorret I Boomsma (DI)

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7099-7972

Henry Brodaty (H)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9487-6617

Rachel M Brouwer (RM)

Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7466-1544

Jan K Buitelaar (JK)

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8288-7757

Ralph Burkhardt (R)

Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1924-1202

Wiepke Cahn (W)

Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0482-8759

Vince D Calhoun (VD)

Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)-Georgia State, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9058-0747

Owen T Carmichael (OT)

Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Mallar Chakravarty (M)

Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Qiang Chen (Q)

Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Christopher R K Ching (CRK)

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.

Sven Cichon (S)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9475-086X

Benedicto Crespo-Facorro (B)

HU Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica IBIS-CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0033-7132

Fabrice Crivello (F)

CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6950-984X

Anders M Dale (AM)

Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, La Jolla, CA, USA.

George Davey Smith (GD)

MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1407-8314

Eco J C de Geus (EJC)

Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6022-2666

Philip L De Jager (PL)

Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8057-2505

Greig I de Zubicaray (GI)

School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4506-0579

Stéphanie Debette (S)

INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8675-7968

Charles DeCarli (C)

Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1914-2693

Chantal Depondt (C)

Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Sylvane Desrivières (S)

Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9120-7060

Srdjan Djurovic (S)

Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8140-8061

Stefan Ehrlich (S)

Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Susanne Erk (S)

German Center of Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Thomas Espeseth (T)

Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway.

Guillén Fernández (G)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Irina Filippi (I)

INSERM U1299, Paris Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Simon E Fisher (SE)

Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3132-1996

Debra A Fleischman (DA)

Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Evan Fletcher (E)

Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9761-3131

Myriam Fornage (M)

Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0677-8158

Andreas J Forstner (AJ)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Clyde Francks (C)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9098-890X

Barbara Franke (B)

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4375-6572

Tian Ge (T)

Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4785-4444

Aaron L Goldman (AL)

Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Hans J Grabe (HJ)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Robert C Green (RC)

Department of Medicine (Genetics), Mass General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8472-0424

Oliver Grimm (O)

Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.

Nynke A Groenewold (NA)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0865-8427

Oliver Gruber (O)

Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.

Vilmundur Gudnason (V)

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5696-0084

Asta K Håberg (AK)

Department of Neuromedicine and Movement, NTNU Science, Trondheim, Norway.
MiDT National Research Center, Department of Research, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.

Unn K Haukvik (UK)

Norwegian Centre for Mental Health Research (NORMENT), Department of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Centre for Forensic Psychiatry Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0363-4127

Andreas Heinz (A)

German Center of Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany.
Centre for Forensic Psychiatry Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5405-9065

Derrek P Hibar (DP)

Product Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.

Saima Hilal (S)

Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore.

Jayandra J Himali (JJ)

Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1391-9481

Beng-Choon Ho (BC)

Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3976-1555

David F Hoehn (DF)

Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

Pieter J Hoekstra (PJ)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1018-9954

Edith Hofer (E)

Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Wolfgang Hoffmann (W)

German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Avram J Holmes (AJ)

Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6583-803X

Georg Homuth (G)

Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6839-0605

Norbert Hosten (N)

Department of Radiology, University Clinic Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

M Kamran Ikram (MK)

Departments of Epidemiology and Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0173-9571

Jonathan C Ipser (JC)

Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Clifford R Jack (CR)

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7916-622X

Neda Jahanshad (N)

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.

Erik G Jönsson (EG)

Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Sciences, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.

Rene S Kahn (RS)

Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5909-8004

Ryota Kanai (R)

Araya, Inc, Tokyo, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0186-2687

Marieke Klein (M)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8784-5679

Maria J Knol (MJ)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3597-1531

Lenore J Launer (LJ)

Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3238-7612

Stephen M Lawrie (SM)

Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2444-5675

Stephanie Le Hellard (SL)

Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8085-051X

Phil H Lee (PH)

Center for Genomic Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Stanley Center for Psychiatry, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Hervé Lemaître (H)

Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5952-076X

Shuo Li (S)

Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2331-2448

David C M Liewald (DCM)

PPLS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Honghuang Lin (H)

Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3043-3942

W T Longstreth (WT)

Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Oscar L Lopez (OL)

Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8546-8256

Michelle Luciano (M)

Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7306-3008

Pauline Maillard (P)

Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Andre F Marquand (AF)

Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Nicholas G Martin (NG)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4069-8020

Jean-Luc Martinot (JL)

Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 'Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie', Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0136-0388

Karen A Mather (KA)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4143-8941

Venkata S Mattay (VS)

Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Katie L McMahon (KL)

School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6357-615X

Patrizia Mecocci (P)

Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Clinical Geriatrics, NVS Department, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0729-5246

Ingrid Melle (I)

Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9783-548X

Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg (A)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber (N)

Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
Neurogenetic Systems Analysis Group, Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0836-8267

Yuri Milaneschi (Y)

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep and Stress Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3697-6617

Thomas H Mosley (TH)

MIND Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

Thomas W Mühleisen (TW)

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6057-5952

Bertram Müller-Myhsok (B)

Statistics Genetics Group, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0719-101X

Susana Muñoz Maniega (SM)

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5185-6384

Matthias Nauck (M)

Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Kwangsik Nho (K)

Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Wiro J Niessen (WJ)

University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Markus M Nöthen (MM)

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8770-2464

Paul A Nyquist (PA)

Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Jaap Oosterlaan (J)

Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Emma Children's Hospital, University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0218-5630

Massimo Pandolfo (M)

Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Tomas Paus (T)

Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1495-9338

Zdenka Pausova (Z)

Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7784-1380

Brenda W J H Penninx (BWJH)

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7779-9672

G Bruce Pike (GB)

Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8924-683X

Bruce M Psaty (BM)

Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Health Systems and Population Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7278-2190

Benno Pütz (B)

Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2208-209X

Simone Reppermund (S)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Marcella D Rietschel (MD)

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5236-6149

Shannon L Risacher (SL)

Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3304-7943

Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth (N)

Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6931-269X

Rafael Romero-Garcia (R)

Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla/CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Sevilla, Spain.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Gennady V Roshchupkin (GV)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3403-2313

Jerome I Rotter (JI)

The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7191-1723

Perminder S Sachdev (PS)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9595-3220

Philipp G Sämann (PG)

Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

Arvin Saremi (A)

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2395-8249

Muralidharan Sargurupremraj (M)

INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1684-3750

Andrew J Saykin (AJ)

Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1376-8532

Lianne Schmaal (L)

Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Helena Schmidt (H)

Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Center for Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9773-9992

Reinhold Schmidt (R)

Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz Austria, Graz, Austria.

Peter R Schofield (PR)

Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2967-9662

Markus Scholz (M)

LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4059-1779

Gunter Schumann (G)

German Center of Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin/Potsdam, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
PONS Centre, Department of Psychiatry, CCM, Charite Unversitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7740-6469

Emanuel Schwarz (E)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0261-5063

Li Shen (L)

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5443-0503

Jean Shin (J)

The Hospital for Sick Children, Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7353-5178

Sanjay M Sisodiya (SM)

Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK.

Albert V Smith (AV)

Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1942-5845

Jordan W Smoller (JW)

Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0381-6334

Hilkka S Soininen (HS)

Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Vidar M Steen (VM)

Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Dan J Stein (DJ)

SAMRC Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7218-7810

Jason L Stein (JL)

Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4829-0513

Sophia I Thomopoulos (SI)

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.

Arthur W Toga (AW)

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7902-3755

Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez (D)

Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain.
Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1458-3932

Julian N Trollor (JN)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The National Centre of Excellence in Intellectual Disability Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7685-2977

Maria C Valdes-Hernandez (MC)

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Dennis van T Ent (D)

Department of Biological Psychology and Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2001-1375

Hans van Bokhoven (H)

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2153-9254

Dennis van der Meer (D)

Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Nic J A van der Wee (NJA)

Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Javier Vázquez-Bourgon (J)

Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Sevilla, Spain.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5478-3376

Dick J Veltman (DJ)

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Meike W Vernooij (MW)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Arno Villringer (A)

Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2604-2404

Louis N Vinke (LN)

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Henry Völzke (H)

Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Henrik Walter (H)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9403-6121

Joanna M Wardlaw (JM)

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
UK Dementia Research Institute Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9812-6642

Daniel R Weinberger (DR)

Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2409-2969

Michael W Weiner (MW)

University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, USA.
Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Wei Wen (W)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2753-3870

Lars T Westlye (LT)

Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8644-956X

Eric Westman (E)

Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3115-2977

Tonya White (T)

Section on Social and Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

A Veronica Witte (AV)

Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9054-6688

Christiane Wolf (C)

Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

Jingyun Yang (J)

Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3495-3710

Marcel P Zwiers (MP)

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

M Arfan Ikram (MA)

Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0372-8585

Sudha Seshadri (S)

Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6135-2622

Paul M Thompson (PM)

Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.

Claudia L Satizabal (CL)

Framingham Heart Study, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Population Health Sciences and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1115-4430

Sarah E Medland (SE)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1382-380X

Miguel E Rentería (ME)

Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. miguel.renteria@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. miguel.renteria@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4626-7248

Classifications MeSH