Keratoconus.


Journal

Nature reviews. Disease primers
ISSN: 2056-676X
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Dis Primers
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101672103

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
24 Oct 2024
Historique:
accepted: 25 09 2024
medline: 25 10 2024
pubmed: 25 10 2024
entrez: 25 10 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder primarily affecting individuals in adolescence and early adulthood. The ectatic changes in the cornea cause thinning and cone-like steepening leading to irregular astigmatism and reduced vision. Keratoconus is a complex disorder with a multifaceted aetiology and pathogenesis, including genetic, environmental, biomechanical and cellular factors. Environmental factors, such as eye rubbing, UV light exposure and contact lens wearing, are associated with disease progression. On the cellular level, a complex interplay of hormonal changes, alterations in enzymatic activity that modify extracellular membrane stiffness, and changes in biochemical and biomechanical signalling pathways disrupt collagen cross-linking within the stroma, contributing to structural integrity loss and distortion of normal corneal anatomy. Clinically, keratoconus is diagnosed through clinical examination and corneal imaging. Advanced imaging platforms have improved the detection of keratoconus, facilitating early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Treatment strategies for keratoconus are tailored to disease severity and progression. In early stages, vision correction with glasses or soft contact lenses may suffice. As the condition advances, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses or scleral lenses are prescribed. Corneal cross-linking has emerged as a pivotal treatment aimed at halting the progression of corneal ectasia. In patients with keratoconus with scarring or contact lens intolerance, surgical interventions are performed.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39448666
doi: 10.1038/s41572-024-00565-3
pii: 10.1038/s41572-024-00565-3
doi:

Substances chimiques

Collagen 9007-34-5

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

81

Informations de copyright

© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.

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Auteurs

Rohan Bir Singh (RB)

Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Shizuka Koh (S)

Department of Innovative Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Namrata Sharma (N)

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Fasika A Woreta (FA)

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Farhad Hafezi (F)

ELZA Institute, Zurich, Switzerland.
EMAGine AG, Zug, Switzerland.
Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Harminder S Dua (HS)

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Vishal Jhanji (V)

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. jhanjiv@upmc.edu.

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