How is the posterior ocular segment affected in cesarean section and normal vaginal delivery?
Humans
Female
Tomography, Optical Coherence
/ methods
Pregnancy
Prospective Studies
Adult
Cesarean Section
Optic Disk
/ diagnostic imaging
Choroid
/ diagnostic imaging
Delivery, Obstetric
/ methods
Posterior Eye Segment
/ diagnostic imaging
Retinal Ganglion Cells
/ pathology
Nerve Fibers
/ pathology
Follow-Up Studies
Young Adult
Retina
/ diagnostic imaging
Journal
Indian journal of ophthalmology
ISSN: 1998-3689
Titre abrégé: Indian J Ophthalmol
Pays: India
ID NLM: 0405376
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Nov 2024
01 Nov 2024
Historique:
received:
03
06
2024
accepted:
09
09
2024
medline:
25
10
2024
pubmed:
25
10
2024
entrez:
25
10
2024
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To evaluate the effects of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and cesarean section (CS) on the retina, optic disc, and choroid in healthy pregnant women by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This prospectively designed study included 60 healthy pregnant women, of whom 30 underwent NVD and 30 underwent CS. Ophthalmological examinations and OCT scans were performed on all pregnant women during the third trimester and the first postpartum week. The measurements were compared between the two visits within each group. Central retinal thickness, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL + IPL) thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and optic disc morphology were determined using OCT scans. Central, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses were manually measured using HD-line OCT. Choroidal vascular parameters were calculated from HD-line OCT scans by using a special image processing module. The ratio of the luminal choroidal area to the total choroidal area was determined as the choroidal vascular index (CVI). In the NVD group, the thinning in the mean and inferior pRNLF, the decrease in the rim area, and the increase in the mean cup/disc and cup volume at the first postpartum week were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the same group, the CVI was calculated as 0.69 ± 0.02 in the third trimester and 0.66 ± 0.03 in the first postpartum week (P = 0.001). In the CS group, except for the increase in the GCL + IPL thickness, no significant difference was detected in the measurements of the retina, optic disc, and choroid (P < 0.001 and P > 0.05). This is the first study to evaluate the effect of the delivery method on the retina, choroid, and optic disc. In NVD, changes in the choroidal vascular structure and optic disc morphology can be observed in the early postpartum period, which may be attributed to hormonal effects.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39449533
doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1317_24
pii: 02223307-202411005-00028
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
S893-S901Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.
Références
Liu R, Kuang GP, Luo DX, Lu XH. Choroidal thickness in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. Int J Ophthalmol 2016;9:1200–6.
Mehdizadehkashi K, Chaichian S, Mehdizadehkashi A, Jafarzadepour E, Tamannaie Z, Moazzami B, et al. Visual acuity changes during pregnancy and postpartum: A cross-sectional study in Iran. J Pregnancy 2014;2014:675792.
Shin YU, Hong EH, Kang MH, Cho H, Seong M. The association between female reproductive factors and open-angle glaucoma in Korean women: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V. J Ophthalmol 2018;2018:2750786.
Kalogeropoulos D, Sung VC, Paschopoulos M, Moschos MM, Panidis P, Kalogeropoulos C. The physiologic and pathologic effects of pregnancy on the human visual system. J Obstet Gynaecol 2019;39:1037–48.
Takahashi J, Kado M, Mizumoto K, Igarashi S, Kojo T. Choroidal thickness in pregnant women measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2013;57:435–9.
Temel E, Kocamış Ö, Aşıkgarip N, Örnek K, Arıöz O. Evaluation of choroidal thickness and choroidal vascularity index during pregnancy. Can J Ophthalmol 2021;56:237–43.
Kara N, Sayin N, Pirhan D, Vural AD, Araz-Ersan HB, Tekirdag AI, et al. Evaluation of subfoveal choroidal thickness in pregnant women using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Curr Eye Res 2014;39:642–7.
Barbosa CP, Stefanini FR, Penha F, Góes MÂ, Draibe SA, Canziani ME, et al. Intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion during hemodialysis. Arq Bras Ophthalmol 2011;74:106–9.
Schmidl D, Weigert G, Dorner GT, Resch H, Kolodjaschna J, Wolzt M, et al. Role of adenosine in the control of choroidal blood flow during changes in ocular perfusion pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:6035–9.
Taradaj K, Ginda T, Maciejewicz P, Suchonska B, Wielgos M, Kecik D, et al. Does pregnancy influence eye parameters? Assessment of choroidal thickness using EDI-OCT before and after labour depending on the way of delivery method. Ginekol Pol 2020;91:668–73.
Laviers H, Zambarakji H. Enhanced depth imaging-OCT of the choroid: A review of the current literature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014;252:1871–83.
Ouyang Y, Heussen FM, Mokwa N, Walsh AC, Durbin MK, Keane PA, et al. Spatial distribution of posterior pole choroidal thickness by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:7019–26.
Agrawal R, Chhablani J, Tan KA, Shah S, Sarvaiya C, Banker A. Choroidal vascularity index in central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 2016;36:1646–51.
Ulusoy DM, Duru N, Ataş M, Altınkaynak H, Duru Z, Açmaz G. Measurement of choroidal thickness and macular thickness during and after pregnancy. Int J Ophthalmol 2015;8:321–5.
Mather KJ, Norman EG, Prior JC, Elliott TG. Preserved forearm endothelial responses with acute exposure to progesterone: A randomized cross-over trial of 17-beta estradiol, progesterone, and 17-beta estradiol with progesterone in healthy menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4644–9.
Gupta PD, Johar K Sr, Nagpal K, Vasavada AR. Sex hormone receptors in the human eye. Surv Ophthalmol 2005;50:274–84.
Soldin OP, Guo T, Weiderpass E, Tractenberg RE, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Soldin SJ. Steroid hormone levels in pregnancy and 1 year postpartum using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Fertil Steril 2005;84:701–10.
Larciprete G, Valensise H, Vasapollo B, Altomare F, Sorge R, Casalino B, et al. Body composition during normal pregnancy: Reference ranges. Acta Diabetol 2003;40:225–32.
Centofanti M, Migliardi R, Bonini S, Manni G, Bucci MG, Pesavento CB, et al. Pulsatile ocular blood flow during pregnancy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2002;12:276–80.
Sezer T, Altınışık M, Koytak İA, Özdemir MH. The choroid and optical coherence tomography. Turk J Ophthalmol 2016;46:30–7.
Ochinciuc R, Munteanu M, Baltă G, Baltă F. Central serous chorioretinopathy in pregnancy. Rom J Ophthalmol 2022;66:382–5.
Yu J, Li L, Jiang C, Chang Q, Xu G. Clinical characteristics of pregnancy-associated central serous chorioretinopathy in the Chinese Population. J Ophthalmol 2021;2021:5580075.
Kakihara S, Hirano T, Wakabayashi M, Murata T. Widefield optical coherence tomography angiography for pregnancy-associated central serous chorioretinopathy. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022;11:294.
Agrawal R, Gupta P, Tan KA, Cheung CM, Wong TY, Cheng CY. Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: Measurements in healthy eyes from a population-based study. Sci Rep 2016;6:21090.
Chesnutt AN. Physiology of normal pregnancy. Crit Care Clin 2004;20:609–15.
Carlin A, Alfirevic Z. Physiological changes of pregnancy and monitoring. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2008;22:801–23.
Miller NM, Fisk NM, Modi N, Glover V. Stress responses at birth: Determinants of cord arterial cortisol and links with cortisol response in infancy. BJOG 2005;112:921–6.
Faxelius G, Lagercrantz H, Yao A. Sympathoadrenal activity and peripheral blood flow after birth comparison in infants delivered vaginally and by cesarean section. J Pediatr 1984;105:144–8.
Gregory KD, Jackson S, Korst L, Fridman M. Cesarean versus vaginal delivery: Whose risks? Whose benefits? Am J Perinatol 2012;29:7–18.
Baron J, Shwarzman P, Sheiner E, Weintraub AY, Spiegel E, Sciaky Y, et al. Blood flow Doppler velocimetry measured during active labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015;291:837–40.
Rzeszotarska A, Szczapa-Jagustyn J, Kociecki J. Ophthalmological problems in pregnancy-a review. Ginekol Pol 2020;91:473–7.
Kai JY, Zhou M, Li DL, Zhu KY, Zhang XF, Pan CW. Reproductive factors and the risk of open angle glaucoma in women. J Glaucoma 2023;32:954–61.
Nilforushan N, Abolfathzadeh N, Banifatemi M, Miraftabi A, Sardarinia M, Alemzadeh SA, et al. Effects of fasting on peripapillary capillary density, peripapillary nerve fiber layer, intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. Int Ophthalmol 2020;40:1439–47.
Tondt JM, Counselman FL, Bono MJ. Acute intracranial subdural hematoma masquerading as a postpartum headache: A case report. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2023;7:39–42.
Mudumbai RC. Clinical update on normal tension glaucoma. Semin Ophthalmol 2013;28:173–9.
Efe YK, Ugurbas SC, Alpay A, Ugurbas SH. The course of corneal and intraocular pressure changes during pregnancy. Can J Ophthalmol 2012;47:150–4.
Green K, Phillips CI, Cheeks L, Slagle T. Aqueous humor flow rate and intraocular pressure during and after pregnancy. Ophthalmic Res 1988;20:353–7.
Paterson G, Miller S. Hormonal influence in simple glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 1963;47:129–37.
Bryant-Greenwood GD, Rees MC, Turnbull AC. Immunohistochemical localization of relaxin, prolactin and prostaglandin synthase in human amnion, chorion and decidua. J Endocrinol 1987;114:491–6.
Kılıc D, Goker YS, Yuksel K, Ugurbas SH, Canturk Ugurbas S. Gebeliğin Fovea Altı Koroid Kalınlığı, Retina Sinir Lifi Tabakası Kalınlığı ve Merkezi Maküla Kalınlığı Üzerine Etkisinin Spektral Domain Optik Koherens Tomografi ile İncelenmesi. J Retin Vitr 2016;24:31–6.
Duan J, Shen S, Lei C, Gao S, Chang T, Zhang Y, et al. Choroidal and retinal abnormalities in cushing syndrome: Correlation with cortisol level. Retina 2024;44:861–7.