Phytochemistry, Mechanisms, and Preclinical Studies of Echinacea Extracts in Modulating Immune Responses to Bacterial and Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review.
COVID-19
alkamides
caffeic acid derivatives
immune system
medicinal plant
phytochemistry
Journal
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2079-6382
Titre abrégé: Antibiotics (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101637404
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 Oct 2024
09 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
11
09
2024
revised:
05
10
2024
accepted:
05
10
2024
medline:
25
10
2024
pubmed:
25
10
2024
entrez:
25
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Echinacea species, particularly This review explores the mechanisms by which echinacea herbal extracts modulate immune responses, focusing on their effects on both innate and adaptive immunity in bacterial and viral infections. Key bioactive compounds, such as alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, contribute to these effects. These compounds enhance immune cell activity, including macrophages and natural killer cells, stimulating cytokine production and phagocytosis. The antibacterial activity of echinacea against respiratory pathogens ( Challenges associated with variability in phytochemical content and the need for standardized extraction processes are also addressed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of echinacea's therapeutic potential and outlines future directions for research, including clinical trials and dosage optimization.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Echinacea species, particularly
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
This review explores the mechanisms by which echinacea herbal extracts modulate immune responses, focusing on their effects on both innate and adaptive immunity in bacterial and viral infections.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Key bioactive compounds, such as alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, contribute to these effects. These compounds enhance immune cell activity, including macrophages and natural killer cells, stimulating cytokine production and phagocytosis. The antibacterial activity of echinacea against respiratory pathogens (
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Challenges associated with variability in phytochemical content and the need for standardized extraction processes are also addressed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of echinacea's therapeutic potential and outlines future directions for research, including clinical trials and dosage optimization.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39452214
pii: antibiotics13100947
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13100947
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng