Acute Sarcopenia: Mechanisms and Management.


Journal

Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643
Titre abrégé: Nutrients
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101521595

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
10 Oct 2024
Historique:
received: 26 08 2024
revised: 27 09 2024
accepted: 07 10 2024
medline: 26 10 2024
pubmed: 26 10 2024
entrez: 26 10 2024
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Acute sarcopenia refers to the swift decline in muscle function and mass following acute events such as illness, surgery, trauma, or burns that presents significant challenges in hospitalized older adults. narrative review to describe the mechanisms and management of acute sarcopenia. The prevalence of acute sarcopenia ranges from 28% to 69%, likely underdiagnosed due to the absence of muscle mass and function assessments in most clinical settings. Systemic inflammation, immune-endocrine dysregulation, and anabolic resistance are identified as key pathophysiological factors. Interventions include early mobilization, resistance exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and nutritional strategies such as protein supplementation, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate, omega-3 fatty acids, and creatine monohydrate. Pharmaceuticals show variable efficacy. Future research should prioritize serial monitoring of muscle parameters, identification of predictive biomarkers, and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams from hospital admission to address sarcopenia. Early and targeted interventions are crucial to improve outcomes and prevent long-term disability associated with acute sarcopenia.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Acute sarcopenia refers to the swift decline in muscle function and mass following acute events such as illness, surgery, trauma, or burns that presents significant challenges in hospitalized older adults.
METHODS METHODS
narrative review to describe the mechanisms and management of acute sarcopenia.
RESULTS RESULTS
The prevalence of acute sarcopenia ranges from 28% to 69%, likely underdiagnosed due to the absence of muscle mass and function assessments in most clinical settings. Systemic inflammation, immune-endocrine dysregulation, and anabolic resistance are identified as key pathophysiological factors. Interventions include early mobilization, resistance exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and nutritional strategies such as protein supplementation, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate, omega-3 fatty acids, and creatine monohydrate. Pharmaceuticals show variable efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Future research should prioritize serial monitoring of muscle parameters, identification of predictive biomarkers, and the involvement of multidisciplinary teams from hospital admission to address sarcopenia. Early and targeted interventions are crucial to improve outcomes and prevent long-term disability associated with acute sarcopenia.

Identifiants

pubmed: 39458423
pii: nu16203428
doi: 10.3390/nu16203428
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : European Union - Next Generation EU - NRRP M6C2 - Investment 2.1 Enhancement and strengthening of biomedical research in the NHS
ID : PNRR-MAD-2022-12376672

Auteurs

Sarah Damanti (S)

Internal Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Eleonora Senini (E)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Rebecca De Lorenzo (R)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Aurora Merolla (A)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Simona Santoro (S)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Costanza Festorazzi (C)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Marco Messina (M)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Giordano Vitali (G)

Internal Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.

Clara Sciorati (C)

Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

Patrizia Rovere-Querini (P)

Internal Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy.

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Classifications MeSH