Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
26 Oct 2024
Historique:
medline: 28 10 2024
pubmed: 28 10 2024
entrez: 28 10 2024
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Apolipoprotein L1 gene ( We conducted a case-control study involving participants from Ghana and Nigeria who had CKD stages 2 through 5, biopsy-proven glomerular disease, or no kidney disease. We analyzed the association of CKD with Among 8355 participants (4712 with CKD stages 2 through 5, 866 with glomerular diseases, and 2777 with no kidney disease), the prevalence of monoallelic In this study, monoallelic

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Apolipoprotein L1 gene (
METHODS METHODS
We conducted a case-control study involving participants from Ghana and Nigeria who had CKD stages 2 through 5, biopsy-proven glomerular disease, or no kidney disease. We analyzed the association of CKD with
RESULTS RESULTS
Among 8355 participants (4712 with CKD stages 2 through 5, 866 with glomerular diseases, and 2777 with no kidney disease), the prevalence of monoallelic
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
In this study, monoallelic

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404211 PMID: 39465900
pubmed: 39465900
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404211
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : 1ZIAHG200362
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : U54 HG006939
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1TR002366
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK107131
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U54 9DK116913
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : HHSN26120080001E
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Auteurs

Rasheed A Gbadegesin (RA)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Ifeoma Ulasi (I)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Samuel Ajayi (S)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Yemi Raji (Y)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Timothy Olanrewaju (T)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Charlotte Osafo (C)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Adebowale D Ademola (AD)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Adanze Asinobi (A)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Cheryl A Winkler (CA)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

David Burke (D)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Fatiu Arogundade (F)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Ivy Ekem (I)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Jacob Plange-Rhule (J)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Manmak Mamven (M)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Michael Matekole (M)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Olukemi Amodu (O)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Richard Cooper (R)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Sampson Antwi (S)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Adebowale A Adeyemo (AA)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Titilayo O Ilori (TO)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Victoria Adabayeri (V)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Alexander Nyarko (A)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Anita Ghansah (A)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Toyin Amira (T)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Adaobi Solarin (A)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Olugbenga Awobusuyi (O)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Paul L Kimmel (PL)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Frank Chip Brosius (FC)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Muhammad Makusidi (M)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Uzoma Odenigbo (U)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Matthias Kretzler (M)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Jeffrey B Hodgin (JB)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Martin R Pollak (MR)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Vincent Boima (V)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Barry I Freedman (BI)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Nicholette D Palmer (ND)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Bernard Collins (B)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Milind Phadnis (M)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Jill Smith (J)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Celia I Agwai (CI)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Ogochukwu Okoye (O)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Aliyu Abdu (A)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Jillian Wilson (J)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Winfred Williams (W)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-9984-7102

Babatunde L Salako (BL)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Rulan S Parekh (RS)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Bamidele Tayo (B)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Dwomoa Adu (D)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).

Akinlolu Ojo (A)

From the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham (R.A.G.), and the Departments of Medicine (B.I.F.) and Biochemistry (N.D.P.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem - both in North Carolina; the Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (I.U.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan (S. Ajayi, Y.R., A.D.A., A. Asinobi, O. Amodu, B.L.S.), the Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin (T.O.), the Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (F.A.), the Department of Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria (M. Mamven), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos (T.A.), the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ojo (A.S., O. Awobusuyi), the Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (M. Makusidi), Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (U.O.), Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara (O.O.), and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (A. Abdu) - all in Nigeria; the Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School (C.O., M. Matekole, V.A., V.B., D.A.), and Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (A.N., A.G.), Accra, the Department of Medicine, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (I.E.), and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (J.P.-R., S. Antwi) - all in Ghana; the Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick (C.A.W.), the Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute (A.A.A.), and the Division of Kidney, Urologic and Digestive Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Diseases (P.L.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda - all in Maryland; the Departments of Human Genetics (D.B.), Medicine (M.K.), and Pathology (J.B.H.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; the Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Chicago (R.C., B.T.); the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (T.O.I.), the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School (M.R.P.), and the Departments of Pathology (B.C.) and Medicine (W.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School - all in Boston; the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson (F.C.B.); the Departments of Biostatistics and Data Science (M.P., J.S.) and Medicine (C.I.A., J.W., A.O.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and the Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto (R.S.P.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-5198-9854

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