Exploring the traits and possible ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars derived from rice husk and sugar beet pulp.
Agricultural wastes
Biochar
Heavy metals
Pyrolysis
Threshold limits
Journal
Environmental monitoring and assessment
ISSN: 1573-2959
Titre abrégé: Environ Monit Assess
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8508350
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Oct 2024
29 Oct 2024
Historique:
received:
29
07
2024
accepted:
16
10
2024
medline:
29
10
2024
pubmed:
29
10
2024
entrez:
29
10
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
This research investigated the properties and potential environmental hazards associated with biochars derived from rice husk (RH) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), both of which are rich in heavy metals (HMs). The results indicated that the concentration of various HM fractions is significantly affected by the type of feedstock and the pyrolysis temperature. Specifically, the total concentrations of HMs in biochars produced at 600 °C were found to be 10-140% higher than those in the original biomasses, a phenomenon attributed to the precipitation of HMs. Cd was a notable exception, exhibiting a reduction of 3-7% in the resultant biochars when compared to biomass, likely attributable to its volatilization. The results also revealed that the F1 + F2 fraction of HMs were largely transformed into F3 + F4 fraction during combustion, indicating that pyrolysis may reduce the ecotoxicity of HMs present in contaminated biomass. However, the process did not effectively diminish the F1 and F2 fractions of Cr and Cd. Elevated pyrolysis temperature significantly enhanced the reduction of HMs phytoavailability. Specifically, the phytoavailability of HMs in biochars produced at 600 °C exhibited a decrease ranging from 10 to 92% when compared to the original biomass. Conversely, an unexpected rise in the phytoavailable fractions of Cr and Cd was noted in both RH and SBP biochars as the pyrolytic temperature increased, which correspondingly raised the potential ecological risk index (PERI). All materials analyzed exhibited a very high risk level, with PERI values exceeding 800, primarily due to the significant toxicity of Cd. Excluding Cd from consideration, the biomasses and their resultant biochars displayed PERI values ranging from 7 to 13. It is important to acknowledge that pyrolysis may not effectively diminish the environmental toxicity associated with HMs present in contaminated biomass, thereby limiting its safe application.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39470846
doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13278-7
pii: 10.1007/s10661-024-13278-7
doi:
Substances chimiques
biochar
0
Charcoal
16291-96-6
Metals, Heavy
0
Soil Pollutants
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1118Subventions
Organisme : University of Kurdistan
ID : C/00/11/2622
Organisme : University of Kurdistan
ID : C/00/11/2622
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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